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©2008 The WJG Press and Baishideng.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 14, 2008; 14(34): 5336-5343
Published online Sep 14, 2008. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.5336
Published online Sep 14, 2008. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.5336
Table 1 Characteristics of each of the included studies
Study | Design | Baseline characteristic | Comparison group | Outcome |
Andrada et al (2004)[35] | RCT | Intervention-31 males 32 females, mean age: 46 (14.22) | Intervention- Listening music until the end of procedure (classical tracts) | Blood pressure, capillary and oxygen saturation, heart rate level of anxiety |
Control-28 males 27 females, mean age: 49 (13.88) | Control- Usual colonoscopy screening | |||
Bechtold et al (2006)[36] | RCT | Intervention-41 males and 44 females, age: 58.5 | Intervention- Playing music upon the entrance the patient (same music for all patients) | Dose consumed, time to time, reach cecum, total procedure insertion difficulty scale, experience scale, pain scale, want music next time |
Control-42 males 39 females, age: 54.1 | Control-50 mg of meperidine and 1 or 2 mg of midazolam | |||
Harikumar et al (2006)[38] | RCT | Intervention-38 (male + female), age 15 - 60 | Intervention- Listening music (popular film songs based on classical rages, classical music, devotional songs, folk songs, soft instrumental music, and bioacoustics | Pain score, discomfort score, procedure time, recovery time, dose consumed |
Control-40 (male + female), age 15-60 | Control-2 mg intravenous boluses of midazolam on demand; Colonoscopic procedure performed by endoscopists with experience of performing at least 200 full-length colonoscopic procedure | |||
Lee et al (2002)[41] | RCT | Intervention 1-33 male 22 female | Intervention 1-Patient-controlled sedation | Dose of propofol, pain score, satisfactory score, willingness to repeat the same mode of sedation. |
Inter-quartile age range: 46-68 mean age: 54 | ||||
Intervention 2-29 male 26 female, | Intervention 2-Patient-controlled sedation+ music1 | |||
Inter-quartile age range: 39-67 mean age: 47 | ||||
Intervention 3-27 males 28 females, | Intervention 3- Music1 | |||
Inter-quartile age range: 40-65 mean age: 51 | Could request intravenous administration of diazemuls (0.1 mg/kg) and meperidine (0.5 mg/kg) | |||
Nasal oxygen (2 L/min) to all patients in the study | ||||
1Type of music: classical, jazz, popular (Chinese and English) and Chinese opera | ||||
Examination performed endoscopists having more than 300 similar procedures before | ||||
Ovayolu (2006)[42] | RCT | Intervention-14 males 16 females, age: 20-39 (n = 10), 40-59 (n = 11), 60 or above (n = 9) | Intervention- Listening music (classical Turkish music, a slow and relaxing music) | Dose of sedation consumed, anxiety score, pain score, VAS score, willingness to the procedure score and satisfaction score. |
Control-14 males 16 females, age: 20-39 (n = 5), 40-59 (n = 11), 60 or above (n = 14) | Control- Usual colonoscopy screening; procedure performed by an expert endoscopist with experience of performing at least 200 full-length procedure previously | |||
Schimann et al (2002)[44] | RCT | Intervention-25 males 34 females, mean age: 52.3 (13.9), | Intervention- Music from radio | Request of sedation (midazolam), oxygen supplement, procedure time |
Control-33 males 27 females, mean age: 55.8 (13.5) | Control- Conventional procedure | |||
Smolen et al (2002)[45] | RCT | Intervention-10 male 6 females, mean age: 58.83 (13.64) | Intervention-Listening music (classical, jazz, pop rock and easy listening) | Sedation, anxiety and heart rate |
Control-7 males 9 females, mean age: 61.06 (9.48) | Control-Undergo standard colonoscopy procedure including explanation of the procedure by the nurse; receive a standard pre-procedure sedation consisting of a slow intravenous injection of 1 mg of midazolam in combination with 50 mg of meperidine | |||
Uedo et al (2004)[46] | Intervention-7 males 7 females, mean age: 54 (6) | Intervention- Listen the music (easy listening style) from the beginning and during procedure | Salivart cortisol levels | |
Control-11 males 4 females, mean age: 54 (8) | Control- Usual procedure for undergoing colonoscopy, no anxiolytic medications, no antisecretory agents |
Table 2 Quality assessment by Jadad’s scale and baseline comparison
Study (year of publication) | Is the study randomized? | Is the procedure appropriate & reported? | Is the study blind to the assessors? | Is the blinding method appropriate & reported? | Were the groups similar at baseline? |
Andrada et al (2004)[35] | C | C | C | C | C |
Bechtold et al (2006)[36] | C | C | N | NA | C |
Harikumar et al (2006)[38] | C | C | C | C | P1 |
Lee et al (2002)[41] | C | P | C | N | C |
Ovayolu et al (2006)[42] | C | C | N | NA | C |
Schiemann et al (2002)[44] | C | N | N | NA | P2 |
Smolen et al (2002)[45] | C | N | N | NA | C |
Uedo et al (2004)[46] | C | N | N | NA | C |
- Citation: Tam WW, Wong EL, Twinn SF. Effect of music on procedure time and sedation during colonoscopy: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14(34): 5336-5343
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v14/i34/5336.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.5336