New serological biomarkers of inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 New serological IBD biomarkers

		CD	UC	Control	Ref.
1	ALCA	Approximately	Low	Low	16, 17
		19%-38%	(approximately 7%)		18, 50
2	ACCA	Approximately	Low	Low	16, 17
		21%-40%			18, 50
3	AMCA	Approximately	Low	Low	16, 17
		28%			46
4	AΣMA:	38.60%			55
	Anti-ΣMan3	22.10%	Low	Low
	Anti-ΣMan4	28.50%
5	UBE4A	46.20%	7.10%	3.30%	56
6	CXCL16	Elevated	Elevated		57
7	Apolipoprotein A-IV	Elevated in active CD			58
8	Resistin	Elevated	Elevated		59
9	PF4, MRP8, FIBA and Hpα2				68, 69
10	Cytokines/chemokines & their receptors

ACCA: Anti-chitobioside IgA; ALCA: Anti-laminaribioside IgG; AMCA: Anti-mannobioside IgG; AΣMA: Anti-ΣMan3 or ΣMan antibodies; ΣMan3: Synthetic Man α-1,3 Man α-1,2 Man; ΣMan4: synthetic Man α-1,3 Man α-1,2 Man α-1,2 Man; UBE4A: Ubiquitination factor E4A; CXCL16: A transmembrane protein functioning as a chemokine and a scavenger receptor.

Table 2 A gene dosage effect: % positivity of antiglycan antibodies in CD patients carrying zero, one and two NOD2/CARD15 variants

	CD patients with 0 NOD2/CARD15 variant	CD patients with 1 NOD2/CARD15 variant	CD patients with 2 NOD2/CARD15 variants	P	Ref.
gASCA	51.50	64.20	72.30	< 0.0001	51
	41.60	64.60	67.50	< 0.0001	22
ALCA	34.90	42.10	46.70	< 0.04	51
AMCA	9.80	14.10	30	< 0.001	22
Any antiglycan	52.40	69.70	80	< 0.0001	22