Prospective cohort comparison of flavonoid treatment in patients with resected colorectal cancer to prevent recurrence

Table 1 Demographic and outcome data of patients treated with flavonoids and controls

	Treated (n = 31)	Controls (n = 56)	P value
Males/females	17/14	31/25	> 0.9
Age (yr) median (IQR)	74 (68-80)	77 (69-82)	0.35
BMI (kg/m²) median (IQR)	26.1 (24.4-28.2) (n = 28)	27.5 (25.0-30.3) (n = 45)	0.32
Resected colon cancer/polypectomy	14/17	22/34	0.65
Surveillance colonoscopy/no	22/9	24/32	0.0141
Surveillance time by colonoscopy
Years: Median (IQR)	3.5 (3-4.75) (n = 22)	3.0 (2-3) (n = 24)	0.0191
Surveillance time by questionnaire
Years: Median (IQR)	3.6 (3.1-4.7)	2.9 (2.5-3.4)	0.0041
Cancer recurrence/no	0/20	3/18	0.23
Polyp recurrence/no	5/15	7/14	0.73
Neoplasia recurrence/no	5/15	10/11	0.20
Smoker/non-smoker	2/27	6/48	0.71
Alcohol/no	24/5	33/20	0.08
Black tea/no	16/15	27/26	> 0.9
Green tea/no	13/16	21/27	> 0.9
Fruit intake < 3/≥ 3 × weekly	8/20	17/35	0.80
Vegetable intake < 3/≥ 3 × weekly	15/13	29/22	0.82
Aspirin use/no	11/20	18/37	0.82
NSAID use/no	2/29	3/52	> 0.9
Colon cancer in family/no	1/30	6/49	0.41
Adenomas in family/no	2/29	1/54	0.29

IQR: Interquartile range (25%-75%); BMI: Body mass index; n: Number of patients;

¹Significantly different at P < 0.05.

Table 2 Comparison of clinical variables in patients with resected colon cancer on surveillance colonoscopy treated with flavonoids vs controls

	Flavonoid treatment (n = 14, %)	Controls (n = 15, %)	P value
Males/females	7/7	7/8	> 0.9
Age (yr) median (IQR)	75.0 (77-82)	81.0 (77-86)	0.12
BMI (kg/m²) median (IQR)	26.2 (24.6-28.0) (n = 13)	25.9 (24.5-27.5) (n = 10)	0.57
Smoker/non-smoker	0/13 (0)	1/12 (8)	> 0.9
Alcohol habitual/no	13/0 (100)	7/5 (58)	0.0151
Black tea/no	5/9 (36)	8/5 (61)	0.26
Green tea/no	5/8 (36)	5/6 (45)	> 0.9
Fruit intake < 3/≥ 3 d a week)	2/11 (15)	2/10 (17)	> 0.9
Vegetable intake < 3/≥ 3 d a week)	6/7 (46)	8/4 (67)	0.43
Aspirin/no	4/10 (28)	7/7	0.44
NSAID/no	0/14 (0)	1/13 (7)	> 0.9
Colon vs rectum cancer	13/1 (93)	9/6 (60)	0.080
Low vs high tumor stage (I and II/III)	9/5 (64)	9/6 (60)	> 0.9
Surveillance time by colonoscopy
Years: median (IQR)	4.0 (3.25-5)	3.0 (2-3)	0.0221

IQR: Interquartile range (25%-75%).

¹Significantly different at P < 0.05.

Table 3 Recurrence rates of colon neoplasia in patients with resected colon cancer treated with flavonoids compared to controls

	Treated (% of total, n = 14)	Controls (% of total, n = 15)	Absolute difference (%)	RRR	NNT	P value
Cancer recurrence/no	0/14 (0)	3/12 (20)	20		5	0.125
Adenoma recurrence/no	1/13 (7)	4/11 (27)	20	3.9	5	0.101
Neoplasia recurrence/no	1/13 (7)	7/8 (47)	40	6.7	2.5	0.0271

RRR: Relative risk ratio; NNT: Number needed to treat.

¹Significantly different at P < 0.05.