Changes of ghrelin following oral glucose tolerance test in obese children with insulin resistance

Table 1 The clinical features of obese I children

	BT-I (n = 6)	BT-II (n = 5)	GT-I (n = 6)	GT-II (n = 5)
Age (yr)	9.30 ± 0.98	11.95 ± 0.99	8.72 ± 1.53	11.24 ± 1.08
Mean birth weight (kg)	3.59 ± 0.88	3.52 ± 0.38	3.61 ± 0.30	3.12 ± 0.13
Age of overweight beginning (yr)	5.43 ± 1.12	6.28 ± 2.92	4.05 ± 2.27	7.44 ± 3.87
Duration (yr)	4.67 ± 3.01	5.67 ± 3.27	4.67 ± 2.73	3.80 ± 3.70
BMI of patients (kg/m2)	26.87 ± 1.52	27.75 ± 3.06	26.51 ± 1.66	28.62 ± 1.28
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	114.50 ± 16.03	132.33 ± 8.40	106.00 ± 7.87	116.00 ± 17.15
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	66.50 ± 9.77	72.83 ± 12.45	71.40 ± 16.37	74.17 ± 5.63
Blood total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.08 ± 0.38	4.07 ± 0.80	4.73 ± 0.73	3.87 ± 0.91
Blood triglyceride (mmol/L)	2.54 ± 2.33	1.11 ± 0.39	1.65 ± 0.47	1.22 ± 0.55
FBG/FINS-mmol/mIU	0.384 ± 0.119	0.395 ± 0.094	0.471 ± 0.108	0.218 ± 0.140
HOMA-IAI-mIU · mmol · 1-2
Mean (LOG10)	-1.90 ± 0.38	-1.87 ± 0.24	-1.89 ± 0.51	-2.00 ± 0.10
HOMA-IR-mIU · mmol · 1-2
Mean	4.82	3.72	4.48	4.52
95% CI	2.61-9.03	2.15-5.89	3.66-6.62	3.28-5.76
HOMA-IS-mIU/mmol
Mean (LOG10)	2.04-0.33	1.82-0.30	2.22-0.34c	2.58-0.06ace

BT-I: Boys of Tanner I; BT-II: Boys of Tanner II; GT-I: Girls of Tanner I; GT-II: Girls of Tanner II. Data are expressed as mean ± SD for Gaussian variables and as the median with lower and higher quartiles for non-Gaussian variables.

^aP < 0.05 vs BT-II;

^cP < 0.05 vs BT-II;

^eP < 0.05 vs GT-I.

Table 2 Basal ghrelin levels in obese children and control group (pg/mL)

	Boys		Girls
	Tanner I	Tanner II	Tanner I	Tanner II
Obese children	1148.2	464.9a	1043.6	429.3c
	872.3-1424.2	220.2-809.6	772.3-1220.3	182.6-1027.4
Control children	1009.6	244.5e	412.9a	222
	741.4-1777.7	165.7-323.3	134.8-691.1	113.1-359.0

Data are expressed as mean (95% CI).

^aP < 0.05 vs control group of the same gender and same Tanner stage;

^cP < 0.05 vs subgroup of the same gender and different Tanner stage within the control group;

^eP < 0.05 vs subgroup of the same gender and different Tanner stage within the obese group.

Table 3 Glucose, insulin and ghrelin level after OGTT in obese children

Group	Parameters	0 min	30 min	60 min	120 min
BT-I	Glucose-mmol/L
	Mean	4.8	6.6	6.4a	5.7ce
	95% CI	4.6-5.1	5.8-7.4a	5.1-7.6	4.2-7.2
	Insulin-mIU/L
	Mean	21.9	97.9a	135.3a	103.3ce
	95% CI	3.9-40.0	21.5-174.3	14.0-284.4	57.1-263.6
	Ghrelin-pg/mL
	Mean	1009.6	505.2	353.3a	360.6
	95% CI	241.4-1777.7	90.1-920.3	65.1-771.6	49-770.3
BT-II	Glucose-mmol/L
	Mean	5.1	8.0a	7.5a	4.3ce
	95% CI	4.7-5.3	7.2-8.9	6.3-8.6	3.8-4.8
	Insulin-mIU/L
	Mean	16.6	114.2a	85.9a	14.1ce
	95% CI	6.6-26.7	65.6-152.8	32.8-139.0	9.9-18.4
	Ghrelin-pg/mL
	Mean	244.5	192.6	230.9	154.9
	95% CI	165.7-323.3	148.2-231.7	93.1-368.6	169.6-213.9
GT-I	Glucose-mmol/L
	Mean	5.4	6.1	5.9	6.4
	95% CI	4.5-6.3	5.1-7.1	4.8-7.1	4.6-8.1
	Insulin-mIU/L
	Mean	26.4	62.1	55.9	32.5
	95% CI	14.7-67.6	14.7-138.9	21.2-133.1	4.0-68.9
	ghrelin-pg/mL
	Mean	412.9	252.3	310	266.2
	95% CI	134.8-691.1	77.9-392.8	132.5-487.6	55.4-476.9
GT-II	Glucose-mmol/L
	Mean	4.7	7.6	7.1	5.2ce
	95% CI	4.3-5.1	6.5-8.7a	5.7-8.5a	3.4-7.0
	Insulin-mIU/L
	Mean	21.7	109.4a	81.3	24.6c
	95% CI	17.3-26.1	28.1-190.8	9.5-153.2	18.9-30.3
	Ghrelin-pg/mL
	Mean	222	309.4	316.9	202.2
	95% CI	85.1-359.0	96.1-714.8	109.4-524.4	21.8-392.7

^aP < 0.05 vs 0 min in the same group;

^cP < 0.05 vs 30 min;

^eP < 0.05 vs 60 min.

Table 4 The correlation of baseline ghrelin levels with some baseline indexes involved in glucose homeostasis

Group	Vs	Vs	Vs	Vs	Vs	Vs	Vs
	FBG	FINS	FBG/FINS	HOMA-IAI	IR	IS	BMI
	r (P)	r (P)	r (P)	r (P)	r (P)	r (P)	r (P)
BT-I	0.898	0.488	0.35	0.297	0.552	0.435	0.737
	(0.015)a	(0.326)	(0.947)	(0.568)	(0.269)	(0.338)	(0.095)
BT-II	0.045	0.1	0.929	0.896	0.772	0.85	0.672
	(0.859)	(0.693)	(0.007)a	(0.016)a	(0.072)	(0.032)a	(0.114)
GT-I	0.074	0.194	0.25	0.027	0.206	0.018	0.065
	(0.889)	(0.062)	(0.633)	(0.959)	(0.296)	(0.973)	(0.903)
GT-II	0.135	0.551	0.668	0.466	0.419	0.301	0.557
	(0.829)	(0.336)	(0.218)	(0.299)	(0.482)	(0.622)	(0.330)

^aP < 0.05.