Hepatitis C risk assessment, testing and referral for treatment in urban primary care: Role of race and ethnicity

Table 1 Population demographics

Primary carepractice	Total	Mean	Gender	Insured (%)	Race
		age	(% male)		White (%)	Black (%)	Hisp (%)	OTH (%)	Unknown (%)
Clinic #1	1182	40	34	62	1	4	84	< 0.5	11
Clinic #2	948	41	62	57	4	65	7	1	24
Clinic #3	1089	42	34	95	26	37	2	5	31
Clinic #4	1188	48	43	98	45	22	2	6	26

Table 2 Prevalence of HCV risk factors documented in patient charts by race/ethnicity

	Black		Hispanic		White
	n = 1333		n = 1103		n = 846
HCV risk factor	Info available	With risk factor	Info available	With risk factor	Info available	With risk factor
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
IDU	241 (18)	54 (22)	48 (4.4)e	19 (40)	134 (16)	11 (8.2)
Transfusion	22 (1.7)	7 (32)	11 (1.0)	2 (18)	29 (3.4)	9 (31)
HCV needle stick	1 (0.1)	1 (100)	2 (0.2)	2 (100)	1 (0.1)	1 (100)
History of drug use	957 (72)a	359 (38)b,c	820 (74)a	94 (11)	535 (63)	53 (10)
History of STD	517 (39)b	350 (68)b,c	550 (50)b	185 (34)	164 (19)	53 (32)
History of HIV testing	452 (34)b	390 (86)	396 (36)b	305 (77)a	119 (14)	108 (91)
Tattoos	15 (1.1)	11 (73)	2 (0.2)	1 (50)	21 (2.5)	17 (80)
Piercing	2 (0.2)	0 (0)	1 (0.1)	0 (0)	1 (0.1)	1 (100)
Prostitution	9 (0.7)	6 (67)	3 (0.3)	2 (67)	1 (0.12)	1 (100)
Incarceration	38 (2.8)	36 (95)	12 (1.1)	12 (100)	4 (0.5)	3 (75)

^aP < 0.05 vs whites; ^cP < 0.05 vs Hispanics; ^bP < 0.001 vs whites; ^eP < 0.05 vs blacks and whites.

Table 3 Rates of testing among individuals with a documented non conventional HCV risk factor but no conventional risk factors

	Numberwith only non-conventionalrisk factors1	Tested (%)
Tattoos	33	36.4
Piercing	4	50.0
History of drug use	513	21.6
Prostitution	6	33.3
Incarceration	60	30.0
History of STD	706	19.4
History of HIV testing	903	24.1

¹Patient may be included in more than one category.