Differences in characteristics of patients with and without known risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States

Table 1 Patient characteristics n (%)

Category	Group 1 (n = 63)	Group 2 (n = 243)	P
Sex
Male	42 (67)	198 (82)	< 0.05
Female	21 (33)	45 (18)
Age (yr)
Median (range)	66 (18–87)	61 (23–87)
< 30	5 (8)	3 (1)	< 0.01
30-39.9	3 (5)	10 (4)
40-49.9	6 (10)	35 (14)
50-59.9	9 (14)	65 (27)
60-69.9	10 (16)	76 (31)
70-79.9	17 (27)	44 (18)
> 80	8 (13)	7 (3)
Unknown	5 (8)	3 (1)
Race
Asian	1 (2)	27 (11)	< 0.05
African American	8 (31)	66 (27)
Caucasian	51 (81)	125 (51)
Hispanic	1 (2)	8 (3)
Other	1 (1)	12 (5)
Unknown	1 (1)	5 (2)
Country
US born	58 (92)	201 (83)
Immigrant	2 (3)	28 (11)
Foreign visitor	3 (5)	14 (6)

Table 2 Symptoms and signs at presentation n (%)

	Group 1(n = 46)	Group 2(n = 217)	P
Symptoms
Abdominal pain	32 (70)	81 (37)	< 0.001
Fatigue	7 (15)	39 (18)
Anorexia	7 (15)	22 (10)
Nausea and vomiting	7 (15)	23 (11)
Change in bowel habits	3 (7)	15 (7)
Gastrointestinal bleed	0 (0)	24 (11)	< 0.05
None	8 (17)	85 (39)	< 0.01
Signs
Weight loss	12 (26)	38 (18)
Abdominal mass	4 (9)	14 (7)
Jaundice	3 (7)	26 (12)
Fever	3 (7)	14 (7)
Ascites	2 (4)	37 (17)	< 0.05
Encephalopathy	1 (2)	19 (9)
None	25 (54)	113 (52)

Table 3 Tumor imaging characteristics

		Group 1	Group 2
Size		n = 24	n = 159
	Median (cm)	9.3	5.7
	Minimum (cm)	4	0.7
	Maximum (cm)	25	20
		n (%)	n (%)
	< 2 (cm)	0 (0)	15 (9)
	2.01-5.0	2 (8)	59 (37)
	5.01-10.0	13(54)	68 (43)
	> 10.0	9 (38)	7 (11)
Focality		n = 25	n = 149
	Unifocal	13 (52)	72 (48)
	Multifocal	12 (48)	77 (52)
Hemiliver		n = 30	n = 162
	Right	20 (67)	97 (60)
	Left	5 (17)	27 (17)
	Bilateral	5 (7)	38 (24)

Please note that size could not be determined in 6 patients in group 1 and 3 in group 2. Similarly ‘focality’ could not be determined in 5 patients in group 1 and 13 in group 2.