Evaluation of prognostic markers in severe drug-induced liver disease

Table 1 A age and sex, duration of treatment, and peak liver test values in patients with different types of DILD

	Total	Hepatocelluar	Cholestatic	Mixed
Number	265	191	51	23
Age (x ± s)	48.6 ± 13.7	47.8 ± 13.8	52.1 ± 13.0	47.3 ± 14.0
Sex (F/M)	140/125	100/91	27/24	13/10
Duration of treatment (d)	25.9 (1-121)	24.6 (1-120)	31.4 (8-121)	21.7 (1-47)
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	95.7 (7-701)	67.5 (7-701)	236 (11-615)	105.5 (14-630)
Direct bilirubin (μmol/L)	49.4 (2-461)	31.8 (2-338)	126.8 (3-461)	47.5 (3.3-281)
Total protein (g/L)	66.9 ± 9.4	67.7 ± 9.6	63.3 ± 8.8	68.1 ± 8.0
Albumin (g/L)	38.1 ± 7.3	39.1 ± 6.9	34.9 ± 8.3	36.4 ± 6.2
ALT (U/L)	351.5 (13-2652)	313.8 (20-2652)	123.4 (13-1079)	557 (92-1600)
AST (U/L)	230.1 (18-1925)	282.9 (19-1925)	111.8 (18-1165)	393 (48-1553)
ALP (U/L)	141.8 (51-1165)	69.6 (51-370)	117.8 (70-1165)	318.8 (147-801)
GGT (U/L)	200.7 (16-3102)	112.9 (17-788)	254 (16-3102)	241 (87-969)

The laboratory parameters are all peak values before treatment.

Table 2 Comparison between died and recovered patients with DILD

	Died	Recoverd	P
Age	52 ± 13.8	48 ± 13.7	0.187
Sex (F/M)	13/13	127/112	NS
Duration of treanment (d)	29 (1-79)	25.7 (1-121)	NS
Total bilirubin	333.3 (38-695)	82.7 (7-701)	< 0.001
Direct bilirubin	218.2 (11.5-330)	44.0 (2-461)	< 0.001
ALT	351 (78-1906)	341.8 (13-2652)	0.293
AST	339 (52-1700)	213.8 (18-1925)	0.013
ALP	139.1 (51-561)	144.4 (51-1165)	0.805
GGT	124.8 (44-1483)	203.8 (16-3102)	0.193

The laboratory parameters are all peak values. Results are expressed as mean ± SD or medians.

Table 3 Comparison between died and recovered patients with hepatocellular injury or with cholestatic/mixed liver injury

	Hepatocellular injury		Cholestatic/mixed injury
	Died	Recovered	Died	Recovered
Number	19	172	7	67
Age	51.3 ± 13.4	47.5 ± 13.9	54.0 ± 15.7	50.3 ± 13.2
Sex, F/M (%)	11/8	89/83	2/5	38/29
Duration of treatment	30.8 (1-79)	23.8 (1-120)	22 (13-40)	30 (1-121)
Total bilirubin	330.5 (38-695)	67.6 (7-701)b	169.6 (50-630)	83.8 (11-615)b
ALT	488.5 (106-2652)	414.5 (20-1906)	230.5 (78-692)	192.5 (13-1600)
AST	392.3 (99-170)	270.8 (19-1925)a	265.5 (52-1272)	143.0 (18-1553)
ALP	133.7 (51-370)	130.1 (51-266)	268 (70-561)	310.1 (72-1165)

The laboratory parameters are all peak values. Results are expressed as mean ± SD or medians.

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.001 vs the control group.

Table 4 Factors associated with death of the patients with DILD

Independent variables	Coefficient	OR (95% CI)	P
HE	2.232	43.66 (8.47-224.95)	< 0.001
Ascite	2.883	28.48 (9.26-87.58)	< 0.001
Jaundice	1.124	11.43 (1.52-85.96)	0.003
Alcohol abuse	1.511	3.83 (1.26-11.67)	0.035
Direct bilirubin	-0.007	1.93 (1.25-2.58)	0.012

CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio, HE = hepatic encephalopathy, Constant = -15.37.

Table 5 Patients with hepatocellular, cholestatic or mixed liver injury and their death due to different drugs

	Hepatocellular	Death	Cholestatic/mixed	Death	Total study group	Death
Antituberculous drugs	20	7	8	2	28	9
Immunodepressant	26	0	7	2	33	2
Antineoplastic agent	8	0	6	0	14	0
Antibiotics	17	1	8	0	25	4
Chinese herbal medicine	51	5	13	0	64	5
Antipyretic analgesic	8	1	2	0	10	1
Antidepressant drug	5	0	5	1	10	1
Cardiovascular drugs	10	0	1	0	11	0
Sedative hypnotics	1	0	0	0	1	0
Drugs for peptic ulcer	1	0	0	0	1	0
Antithyroid drugs	12	0	11	1	23	1
Antifungal agent	6	2	2	0	8	2
Hypoglycemic agent	5	0	2	0	7	0
Drugs for prostate	1	0	0	0	1	0
Antigout drug	2	1	0	0	2	1
Others	18	2	9	1	27	3