Beneficial effects of Foeniculum vulgare on ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in rats

Table 1 Effects of aqueous extracts of Foe FVE and famotidine on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats

Groups(n = 7)	Ulcer index (%)(mean ± SD)	Inhibition(%)
Control (ethanol)	13.15 ± 4.08	-
75 mg/kg FVE + Ethanol	8.18 ± 2.66	37.8
150 mg/kg FVE + Ethanol	9.48 ± 3.78	27.9
300 mg/kg FVE + Ethanol	4.18 ± 2.81b	68.2
20 mg/kg Famotidine + Ethanol	8.68 ± 2.63a	34

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.001, vs ethanol.

Table 2 Effects of aqueous extracts of FVE and famotidine on whole blood MDA and GSH, and serum nitrite and nitrate levels (mean ± SD) in rats

Groups(n = 7)	MDA(nml/mL)	GSH(mg/dL)	Nitrite(mg/L)	Nitrate(mg/L)
Control (ethanol)	5.29 ± 0.6	44.46 ± 3.1	1.33 ± 0.7	4.55 ± 2.6
75 mg/kg FVE + Ethanol	4.51 ± 1.0	48.87 ± 2.5	2.56 ± 0.9a	8.81 ± 2.7a
150 mg/kg FVE +Ethanol	4.05 ± 0.3a	56.79 ± 3.3d	2.73 ± 0.5a	8.88 ± 1.9a
300 mg/kg FVE + Ethanol	4.12 ± 0.6a	51.34 ± 3.1b	1.64 ± 0.5	5.52 ± 1.7
20 mg/kg Famotidine + Ethanol	3.98 ± 0.7a	51.68 ± 3.2b	2.10 ± 0.8	6.82 ± 2.1

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01,

^dP < 0.001, vs ethanol.

Table 3 Effects of aqueous extract of FVE and famotidine on serum antioxidant vitamins levels (mean ± SD) in rats

Groups(n = 7)	Ascorbic Acid(mg/dL)	β-Carotene(μg/dL)	Retinol(μg/dL)
Control (ethanol)	0.81 ± 0.2	26.09 ± 1.5	57.42 ± 3.4
75 mg/kg FVE + Ethanol	0.85 ± 0.2	27.48 ± 1.9	58.79 ± 4.6
150 mg/kg FVE + Ethanol	0.95 ± 0.2	31.13 ± 2.1b	68.45 ± 4.9b
300 mg/kg FVE + Ethanol	0.98 ± 0.2a	28.76 ± 1.8	63.61 ± 4.5
20 mg/kg Famotidine + Ethanol	0.97 ± 0.3	26.55 ± 1.6	58.57 ± 3.6

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01, vs ethanol.