Propolis reduces bacterial translocation and intestinal villus atrophy in experimental obstructive jaundice

Table 1 Mean number of villi per cm

Groups	n	Mean number of villi per cm	P values
Sham (GroupI)	10	84.40 ± 3.75	< 0.001b
BDL (Group II)	8	73.01 ± 2.83	0.001d
BDL + Propolis (Group III)	9	80.89 ± 3.87

^bP < 0.001 groupIvs II;

^dP = 0.001 group II vs III. BDL: Bile duct ligation.

Table 2 Mean height of mucosa (μm)

Groups	n	Mean height of mucosa	P values
Sham (GroupI)	10	640.02 ± 43.72	0.002b
BDL (Group II)	8	567.50 ± 34.54	0.012a
BDL + Propolis (Group III)	9	612.78 ± 29.69

^bP = 0.002 < 0.01 groupIvs II;

^aP = 0.012 < 0.05 group II vs III. BDL: Bile duct ligation.

Table 3 Bacterial translocation rates of the groups

Groups	Liver	Spleen	MLNs	Blood
Sham (GroupI)	0/10 (0%)	0/10 (0%)	1/10 (10.0%)	0/10 (0%)
BDL (Group II)	6/8 (75.0%)	4/8 (50.0%)	7/8 (87.5%)	4/8 (50%)
BDL + Propolis (Group III)	2/9 (22.2%)	2/9 (22.2%)	3/9 (33.3%)	0/9 (%)
P values
Ivs II	0.002	0.023	0.002	0.023
II vs III	0.044	> 0.05	0.036	0.029
Ivs III	> 0.05	> 0.05	> 0.05	> 0.05

BDL: Bile duct ligation; MLNs: Mesenteric lymph nodes.