24-hour esophageal pH-monitoring in children suspected of gastroesophageal reflux disease: Analysis of intraesophageal pH monitoring values recorded in distal and proximal channel at diagnosis

Table 1 Qualification of 264 children suspected of GERD into study groups (at diagnosis)

	Examined children with reflux symptoms
Groups ofexamined children	Sex			Age range (mo)
		Number		>1.5-4		>4-16		>16-102
		n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Group 1 physiological GER n =32	Boys	17	6.4	17	6.4	-	-	-
	Girls	15	5.7	15	5.7	-	-	-	-
Group 2 Primary GER n = 76	Boys	39	14.8	-	-	23	8.7	16	6.1
	Girls	37	14	-	-	21	7.9	16	6.1
Group 3 GER + CMA/FA n = 62	Boys	33	12.5	-	-	16	6.1	17	6.4
	Girls	29	11	-	-	14	5.3	15	5.7
Group 4 reference group CMA/ FA n = 32	Boys	19	7.2	-	-	7	2.6	12	4.5
	Girls	13	4.9	-	-	5	1.9	8	3
Group 5 GER (-) + CMA/ FA (-) n = 62	Boys	32	12.1	-	-	8	3	24	9.1
	Girls	30	11.4	-	-	10	3.8	20	7.6
Total		264	100	32	12.1	104	39.4	128	48.5

Table 2 Statistically analysis of selected parameters of 24-h pH-monitoring in 264 children suspected of GERD; pH-monitoring with 1- or 2- channel probe

Groups of examined children with specific ailment	pH-monitoring parameters-distal channelrange of values; mean; standard deviation (± SD); median; statistical significance (P)
n = 264	Number of episodes ofacid GER (pH < 4)	Number of episodes of acid GER(pH < 4), lasting > 5 min	Duration of the longestepisode of acid GER (min)	Total acid GER index (%)	Acid GER index(supine position) (%)
Statistical significance between the groups (P)
Group 2 and 3				P = 0.0001	NS
Group 2 and 4				P = 0.0001	P = 0.0001
Group 2 and 5	P = 0.0001	P = 0.0001	P = 0.0001	P = 0.0001	P = 0.0001
Group 3 and 4				P = 0.0001	P = 0.0001
Group 3 and 5				P = 0.0001	P = 0.0001
Group 4 and 5				NS	NS

Table 3 Summary analysis of selected parameters of 24-h pH-monitoring in 232 children suspected of GERD; pH-monitoring with 2- channel probe

Groups of examined childrenwith specific ailment	pH-monitoring parameters-proximal channelrange of values; mean; standard deviation (± SD); median; statistical significance (P)
n = 232	Number of episodes ofacid GER (pH < 4)	Number of episodes of acid GER(pH < 4), lasting > 5 min	Duration of the longestepisode of acid GER (min)	Total acid GER index (%)	Acid GER index(supine position) (%)
Statistical significance between the groups (P)
Group 2 and 3
Group 2 and 4
Group 2 and 5	P = 0.0001	P = 0.0001	P = 0.0001	P = 0.0001	P = 0.0001
Group 3 and 4
Group 3 and 5
Group 4 and 5

Table 4 Type of graphic recording of intraesophageal pH in 264 examined children suspected of GERD at diagnosis

Groups of examinedchildren	24-h intraesophageal pH-monitoring - preliminary study
	Pathological recording				Regular recording(physiological)
	Phasic		Non phasic		Phasic		Non phasic
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Group 11
Physiological GER	-	-	-	-	-	-	32	100
n = 32 (100.0%)
Group 2
Primary GER	-	-	76	100	-	-	-	-
n = 76 (100.0%)
Group 3
GER + CMA/FA	9	14.5	53	85.5	-	-	-	-
n = 62 (100.0%)
Group 4 reference group
	-	-	-	-	3	9.4	29	90.6
n = 32 (100.0%)
Group 51
GER (-) + CMA/FA (-)	-	-	-	-	-	-	62	100
n = 62 (100.0%)

¹Children excluded from further prospective clinical studies.