Sonographic signs of neutropenic enterocolitis

Table 1 Frequency of clinical symptoms, laboratory, and microbiological findings in 14 patients with neutropenic enterocolitis.

Clinical symptoms	Frequency
Abdominal pain	14 (100%)
Fever	14 (100%)
Diarrhea	10 (71.4%)
Hypotension	3 (21.4%)
Right lower quadrant pain	10 (71.4%)
Peritonism	6 (42.9%)
Abdominal distension	10 (71.4%)
Vomiting	9 (64.3%)
Bloody diarrhea	6 (42.9%)
Ileus	6 (42.9%)
Reduced clinical condition	12 (85.7%)
Palpable resistance	7 (50%)
Daily bowel movements	4 (1-7)
Laboratory findings
C-reactive protein [mg/dL]	26.3 (6.6-64.0)
Haemoglobin [g/dL]	9.1 (6.9-11.4)
Haematocrit [%]	25.8 (21.1-33.9)
Platelets [/nL]	33 (19-43)
Microbiological findings	6 patients with negative cultures 3 patients with Streptococcus epidermidis in blood culture 2 patients with Enterococcus in blood culture 1 patient with Pseudomonas aeroginosa in blood culture 1 patient with Streptococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus,  and Escherichia coli in blood culture 1 patient1 with Candida albicans in bronchio¬alveolar lavage, Candida glabrata and Entero¬coccus faecium in blood culture, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Candida albicans in urine culture

¹Patients did not survive.

Table 2 Sonographic findings in 14 patients with neutropenic enterocolitis (frequency of findings or median and ranges are given)

Localisation of inflammation	13 in ileocoecal region
	1 in ileocoecal region And colon transversum
Pattern of inflammation	10 transmural
	4 mural
Longitudinal extension of inflammation	5-15 cm in all 14 patients
Bowel wall Thickening (mm)	12 (10-20)
Ascites	11 of14
Hypervascularisation	84.61%(13/14)
Fistula	None
Abscess	None

Table 3 Clinical features of neutropenic colitis (review of the literature)

Abdominal pain	Fever	Diarrhea	Peritonism	Bloody diarrhea	Numberof patients	References
+	+	+			3	Abbasoglu et al. [27]
+	+	+			3	Alexander et al.[22]
+					2	Alt et al. [7]
+			+		2	Avigan et al. [5]
+		+	+		6	Benz et al.[17]
+	+	+		(+)	3	Boggio et al. [29]
+	+	+			1	Capria et al. [30]
+	+	+	(+)	(+)	44	Cartoni et al. [10]
+		+		+	1	Coleman et al.[31]
+		+			1	Dudiak et al. [9]
+	+				4	Frick et al.[23]
			+		1	Frankel et al. [32]
+	+	+		+	2	Furonaka et al. [19]
+		+			2	Gandy et al. [25]
+	+	+		+	1	Glass-Royal et al. [33]
+	+	+	(+)	(+)	18	Gomez et al. [34]
+	+		+		3	Hammerstrom et al.[35]
+	+				1	Hopkins et al. [36]
+	+	+			9	Hsu et al. [37]
+	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	11	Jain et al. [38]
+	+				3	Koea et al. [26]
+	+	+	+	+	5	Koroussis et al. [18]
+	+	+			1	Kronawitter et al. [39]
+	+				2	Lev et al. [20]
+	+	+			4	Mulholland et al. [40]
	+				2	Newbold et al. [6]
+	+	+	+		1	Rexroth et al.[2]
+	+				1	Rodgers et al. [41]
+	+	(+)	(+)	(+)	25	Shamberger et al. [15]
+	+				1	Shandera et al. [42]
+					14	Song et al. [43]
+	+	+	+		1	Thaler et al. [44]
+	+	+			1	Verbeeck et al. [45]
+	+	+	(+)	(+)	6	Wach et al. [28]
+	+		(+)		22	Wade et al. [46]
+	+		+		2	Weinberger et al. [47]