Cancer gene therapy targeting angiogenesis: An updated Review

Table 1 Genes of canadidate angiogenesis inhibitors

Candidate	Reference(s)
16 kD prolactin fragment1	3
Angiostatin1	3, 36
Arresten1	3
Canstatin1	3
Endostatin1	3
Endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide-II (EMAP-II)1	3
Fragments of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)
NK4	40, 41
HGFK1	42
Human rubonuclease inhibitor (hRI)	20, 21
Interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10)1	3
Interferons1	3
Interleukin-12 (IL-12)1	28, 29
Interleukin-18 (IL-18)1	3
Interleukin-24 (IL-24)	37, 38, 39
Maspin	17, 18, 19
p531	3
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF)	31, 32, 33, 34
Platelet factor-41	3
Restin1	3
Soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptor 1 (sFlt-1)	26, 27
Survivin	22, 23, 24, 25
Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1)1	3
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)1	3, 35
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)1	3
Tumstatin1	3
Vastatin1	43

¹Candidates that have been covered in Tandle et al[3].

Table 2 Gene delivery vectors

Vector	Brief description	Reference (s)
Cationic liposomes	Spherical vesicle made of positively charged lipids, efficient uptake of DNA by the cell	46, 47
Low Voltage Electroporation	Entry of DNA into the cell whose membrane is permeabilized by electric field, efficient gene transfer is ensured	48, 49
Nanoparticles	Submicron-sized particle with the therapeutic agent situated within the matrix or on the surface	3, 45
Measles virus	Contains negative strand RNA molecule, can enter tumor cells without the defensive responses of the tumor	44
Herpes simplex virus	Dobule stranded DNA virus, wide host range, large transgene capacity, long-lasting effect	3, 44
Lentivirus	Derived from HIV, can achieve stable integration of the gene in non-dividing cells	3, 44
Retrovirus	Based on murine leukemia virus, foreign cDNA can be incorporated into host cell genome with high efficiency	3, 44
Replication-competent Retrovirus (RCR)	Modified retroviral vector that can replicate in solid tumor model so the transfer efficiency is enhanced	55, 56
Semliki Forest Virus (SFV)	One type of alphavirus, modification of its RNA genome yield a new expression vector that transfers transgene into tumor	50, 51, 52, 53, 54
Recombinant adenovirus (rAdv)	Double stranded DNA virus, can be produced in high titres and deliver transgene efficiently Special engineered adenovirus: oncolytic and gutless	3, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)	Possess the advantages of rAdv and retrovirus, low level of immune response	3, 25, 65, 66, 67, 68