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©2006 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 28, 2006; 12(36): 5826-5833
Published online Sep 28, 2006. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i36.5826
Published online Sep 28, 2006. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i36.5826
Table 1 Ultrasonographic carotid findings in subjects with or without fatty liver of unspecified etiology
Fatty liver | |||
Carotid findings | Absent n (%) | Present n (%) | P |
Normal | 19 (7.3) | 39 (20.6) | |
IMT | 27 (10.4) | 45 (23.8) | |
Plaques | 214 (82.3) | 105 (55.6) | P = 4.65 × 10-10 |
Table 2 Median age and 25th-75th percentile of subjects with/without fatty liver of unspecified etiology (classified according to carotid findings)
Fatty liver | ||
Carotid findings | Absent n (%) | Present n (%) |
Normal | 44 (31-52) | 46 (34-58) |
IMT | 65 (51-71) | 56 (48-62.5) |
Plaques | 76 (68.75-82) | 68 (60.5-78) |
Table 3 Carotid ultrasonographic findings in subjects with or without gallstone disease
Gallstone disease | |||
arotid findings | Absent n (%) | Present n (%) | P |
Normal | 48 (15.8) | 10 (6.8) | |
IMT | 51 (16.8) | 21 (14.4) | |
Plaques | 204 (67.3) | 115 (78.8) | P = 0.015 |
Table 4 Independent predictors of intima-media thickening (IMT) or plaques in fatty liver of unspecified etiology
Carotidfindings | B | Standarderror | P | Exp (B)(95% CI ) | |
IMT | Intercept | -3.736 | 0.916 | 0.000 | |
Male | -0.019 | 0.405 | 0.962 | 0.981 (0.443-2.169) | |
Age | 0.079 | 0.016 | 0.0000014 | 1.082 (1.048-1.117) | |
Fatty liver | 0.093 | 0.426 | 0.827 | 0.911 (0.395-2.101) | |
Plaques | Intercept | -7.879 | 1.050 | 0.000 | |
Male | 0.042 | 0.403 | 0.1719 | 1.719 (0.781-3.786) | |
Age | 0.166 | 0.018 | 2.27 × 10-20 | 1.181 (1.040-1.223) | |
Fatty liver | 0.873 | 0.416 | 0.036 | 0.418 (0.185-0.945) |
Table 5 Historical, anthropometric and laboratory findings of subjects with NAFLD as a function of ultrasonographic carotid findings (mean ± SE, 25th-75th percentile)
Variable | Normal(n 19) | IMT(n 30) | Plaques(n 16) | P |
Age (yr) | 46.11 ± 2.66 | 55.23 ± 1.59 | 58.69 ± 2.67 | 0.001 |
Gender (M/F) | 10/9 | 13/17 | 8/8 | NS |
Smokers | 8/17 | 10/30 | 6/16 | NS |
Physical exercise | 5/17 | 11/30 | 6/16 | NS |
BMI (kg/m2) | 31.05 ± 1.40 | 28.85 ± 0.68 | 27.30 ± 0.85 | NS |
Mass (kg) | 87.21 (76.00-100.00) | 79.9 (71.00-88.50) | 74.28.50 (66.50–84.00) | 0.026 |
Waist (cm) | 102.53 ± 2.73 | 96.81 ± 2.02 | 95.31 ± 2.19 | NS |
Hip (cm) | 114.79 ± 3.31 | 109.30 ± 1.52 | 107.31 ± 1.44 | NS |
W/H ratio | 0.90 ± 0.02 | 0.89 ± 0.01 | 0.89 ± 0.02 | NS |
Arterial pressure (mmHg) | D: 80.0 (70.0-80.0) S: 120.0 (120.0-130.0) | D: 80.0 (80.0-80.0) S: 130.0 (120.0-130.0) | D: 80.00 (80.00-87.5) S: 130.0 (120.0-145.0) | NS |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.55 (4.75-6.54) | 5.39 (5.05-5.83) | 5.28 (4.99-5.65) | NS |
Uric acid (μmol/L) | 345.29 ± 21.76 | 333.52 ± 14.11 | 315.88 ± 18.23 | NS |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.37 ± 0.26 | 4.15 ± 0.21 | 5. 91 ± 0.18 | NS |
HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.20 ± 0.06 | 1.25 ± 0.06 | 1.21 ± 0.06 | NS |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.46 (0.99-2.05) | 1.49 (1.18-1.98) | 1.64 (1.49 - 2.00) | NS |
AST (IU/L) | 26.00 (23.00-35.00) | 25.00 (21.00-31.50) | 23.50 (19.50-29.50) | NS |
ALT (IU/L) | 53.00 (35.00-74.00) | 39.00 (29.50-54.00) | 36.00 (23.25-40.00) | NS |
GGT (IU/L) | 40.00 (29.00-71.00) | 30.00 (21.00-71.00) | 33.00 (24.25-49.25) | NS |
Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 119.82 (86.81-145.65) | 108.70 (79.28-164.88) | 80.71 (60.62-109.77) | NS |
Insulin 120 min post-load (pmol/L) | 499.38 (269.78-1442.18) | 767.72 (324.31-1379.39) | 554.26 (383.50-770.45) | NS |
APO A (mg/dL) | 139.80 ± 7.73 | 144.58 ± 4.74 | 137.64 ± 6.03 | NS |
APO B (mg/dL) | 98.00 ± 6.61 | 111.15 ± 5.04 | 110.73 ± 6.39 | NS |
Iron (μmol/L) | 16.34 ± 1.04 | 16.58 ± 0.89 | 15.99 ± 1.39 | NS |
Ferritin (mg/dL) | 122.68 ± 23.64 | 129.00 ± 17.95 | 175.36 ± 30.22 | NS |
Transferrin saturation (%) | 25.99 ± 1.72 | 29.33 ± 1.80 | 28.17 ± 2.86 | NS |
Fibrinogen (g/L) | 3.16 ± 0.18 | 3.53 ± 0.14 | 3.33 ± 0.22 | NS |
HOMA-IR index | 4.207 (2.936-5.941) | 3.864 (2.708-5.869) | 2.815 (2.256-3.861) | NS |
Lp(a) (mg/dL) | 35.00 (8.50-77.00) | 12.00 (4.00-30.00) | 9.00 (5.50-28.5) | NS |
Table 6 NAFLD. Hepatic histological findings in NAFLD patients with normal carotid findings, intima-media thickening (IMT) and atherosclerotic carotid plaques1
Hepatic histology | Carotid findings | |||
Normal n (%) | IMT n (%) | Plaques n (%) | p | |
Inflammatory grade | ||||
0 | 2 (29) | 1 (10) | 2 (33) | |
1 | 3 (43) | 5 (50) | 2 (33) | |
2 | 2 (29) | 2 (20) | 2 (33) | |
3 | 0 (0) | 2 (20) | 0 (0) | 0.5162 |
Fibrosis stage | ||||
0 | 5 (71) | 7 (70) | 5 (83) | |
1 | 1 (14) | 1 (10) | 1 (17) | |
2 | 1 (14) | 2 (20) | 0 | |
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7622 |
Steatosis extent (%) | 45.8 ± 9.9 | 51.0 ± 8.9 | 23.00 ± 5.4 | 0.1313 |
Table 7 Independent predictors of intima-media thickening (IMT) or plaques in NAFLD subjects
Carotid | Standard | Exp (B) | |||
findings | B | error | P1 | (95% CI ) | |
IMT | Intercept | -0.955 | 2.648 | 0.718 | |
Age | 0.087 | 0.034 | 0.010 | 1.091 (1.021-1.165) | |
BMI | -0.102 | 0.071 | 0.150 | 0.903 (0.785-1.038) | |
Plaques | Intercept | -0.913 | 3.628 | 0.801 | |
Age | 0.119 | 0.042 | 0.005 | 1.126 (1.037-1.223) | |
BMI | -0.189 | 0.097 | 0.052 | 0.828 (0.684-1.002) |
- Citation: Lonardo A, Lombardini S, Scaglioni F, Ballestri S, Verrone AM, Bertolotti M, Carulli L, Ganazzi D, Carulli N, Loria P. Fatty liver, carotid disease and gallstones: A study of age-related associations. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12(36): 5826-5833
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v12/i36/5826.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v12.i36.5826