Endoscopic submucosal dissection for stomach neoplasms

Table 1 Frequency of lymph node metastases in early gastric cancer[20]

Criteria	Frequency (No. with metastasis/total number)	95% CI
Intramucosal cancer differentiated adenocarcinoma, no lymphatic vascular invasion, irrespective of ulcer findings, tumor ≤ 3 cm	0/1230	0-0.3%
Intramucosal cancer differentiated adenocarcinoma, no lymphatic vascular invasion, without ulcer findings, irrespective of tumor size	0/929	0-0.4%
Intramucosal cancer undifferentiated adenocarcinoma, no lymphatic vascular invasion, without ulcer findings, tumor ≤ 2 cm	0/141	0-2.6%
Cancer with minute submucosal penetration (≤ 500 μm) differentiated adenocarcinoma, no lymphatic vascular invasion, irrespective of ulcer findings, tumor ≤ 3 cm	0/145	0-2.5%

Table 2 Outcomes of ESD

Techniques	En bloc resection rate %		Local recurrent rate %	Complication rate %
	≤ 20 mm	> 21 mm		Bleeding	Perforation
ESD with IT knife[42]	95 (686/719)	86 (271/314)	NA	6 (59/945)	4 (35/945)
ESD with the tip of an electrosurgical snare (thin type)/a flex knife[8]	95 (56/59)		NA	1.7 (1/59)	3.4 (2/59)
ESD with sodium hyaluronate and small-caliber-tip transparent hood[43]	100 (37/37)	97 (32/33)	NA	1 (1/70)	0 (0/70)
ESD with a hook knife[44]	95 (194/204)		0.5 (1/204)	NA	1.5 (3/204)
Submucosal-endoscopic resection with hypertonic saline-epinephrine solution (S-ERHSE)[45]	NA	79 (36/46)	0 (0/46)	4(2/46)	8 (4/46)
ESD with a mixture of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid and Glyceol[35]	100 (26/26)		0 (0/26)	3.8 (1/26)	0 (0/26)
ESD with TT knife[28]	88 (14/16)		NA	NA	0 (0/16)

NA: Not analyzed.