Liver transplantation for metastatic neuroendocrine tumor: A case report and review of the literature

Table 1 Liver transplantation for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors

Author	Year	Number ofpatients	Actuarial survival (%)					Comments	Ref.
			1 (yr)	2 (yr)	3(yr)	4 (yr)	5(yr)		no
O’Grady	1987	2	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	2 carcinoids, 1 death at 7 mo, 1 symptom free at 12 mo after LT	53
Makowka	1989	5	nr	nr	nr	nr	Nr	3 alive 7, 16 and 34 mo after LT	35
Arnold	1989	4	nr	nr	nr	nr	Nr	2 no recurrence 20, 38 moths after LT, 2 deaths 7, 8 mo (chronic rejection)	54
Bramley	1990	1	nr	nr	nr	Nr	Nr	VIP-oma, no tumor 12 mo after LT	55
Alsina	1990	2	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	1 carcinoid and 1 PNT no symptoms 5, 13 mo after LT	56
Penn	1991	13	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	9 carcinoids, 4PNT; 67%recurrence for carcinoids	42
Bechstein	1994	30	52	52	52	nr	nr	multicenter study; at the time of report: 57% alive, 43% dead, 30% recurrence, 70% no evidence of disease	43
Allessiani	1995	14	nr	nr	64	nr	nr	cluster transplantation, recurrence rate 45.5%	44
Routley	1995	11	82	nr	nr	nr	57	7 carcinoids, 2 PNT, 2 ET-primary unknown;6 alive (2 carcinoids) 8–106 mo after LT; 5 deaths(3 carcinoids) in 8–67 mo after LT	45
Curtiss	1995	3	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	3 alive 12, 20, 30 mo after LT	57
Anthuber	1996	4	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	4 deaths 10 days and 4, 8, 33 mo after LT	58
Dousset	1996	9	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	4 carcinoids, 5 PNT; 3 (carcinoids) alive 15, 24, 62 mo after LT, 6 deaths 6, 7, 12, 83 days and 7, 8 mo after LT	59
Le Treut	1997	31	58	51	47	36	36	multicenter study, 11 centers in Europe; disease free survival: 45% at 1 yr, 29% at 3 yr, 17% at 5 yr after LT; higher survival for carcinoids ( 69% at 5 yr) than for non-carcinoids (8% at 4 yr)	46
Le Treut	1997	37	66	56	46	46	46	literature review, 14 centers, higher survival for non-carcinoids (83% at 2 yr) than carcinoids (34% at 2 yr)	46
Lang	1997	12	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	9 alive-median survival 55 mo (4 no recurrence 2, 57, 58, 103.5 mo after LT)	47
Lehnert	1998	103	68	60	53	47	47	multicenter study; disease-free survival:60% at 1 yr, 48% at 2 yr, 42% at 3 yr, 42% at 3 yr,33% at 4 yr, 24% at 5 yr. favorable prognostic factors: age>50yr, limited operation (survival 65% at 5 yr).	48
Pilchmayr	1998	15	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	11 alive, 4 with no recurrence, the longest survival 10 yr after LT	49
Gottwald	1998	1	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	Gastrinoma, alive with good liver function after LT	60
Frilling	1998	4	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	3 carcinoids (2 alive,1 dead 32 d after LT), 1PNT( death 4 days after LT); 1 recurrence-free	61
Pascher	2000	4	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	4 carcinoids; 2 deaths 14, 42 mo after LT, 2 alive 36, 76 mo after LT	62
Claure	2000	1	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	1 carcinoid	63
Coppa	2001	9	100	100	100	70	70	Disease-free survival 53% at 5 yr	19
Ringe	2001	5	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	4 alive (2 tumor-free survivals 4–25 mo after LT); 1 death 0.2 month after LT	64
Olausson	2002	9	89	nr	nr	nr	nr	5 PNT, 4 carcinoids; 7 OLT,2 MVT; 8 alive, 6 no evidence of disease, 4 recurrent tumors 9–36 mo after LT	29
Rosenau	2002	19	89	nr	nr	80	nr	Survival at 10 yr 50%;recurrence free survival 56% at 1 yr, 21% at 5 and 10 yr; survival 100% at 7 yr with Ki67<5% and regular E-cadherin staining; survival 0% at 7 yr with Ki67>5% and E-cadherin aberrant staining	50
Fernandez	2003	5	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	2 alive and recurrence free 3, 6 yr after LT; 3 deaths 4, 10, 17 mo after LT	65
Amarapurkar	2003	14	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	MIB-1 index >5%: recurrence at median 11 mo, survival median 13 mo MIB-1 index <5%: recurrence at median 69 mo, survival median 80.5 mo	66
Cahlin	2003	10	nr	80	nr	nr	nr	7 OLT, 3 MVT; 2 yr survival 100% for carcinoids; 67% for PNT; 2 yr disease-free survival 75% for carcinoids and 33% for PNT	51
Florman	2004	11	73	nr	nr	nr	36	1 patients disease-free at 5 yr after LT	52
Ahlman	2004	12	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	8 after OLT alive at time of study, 2 after MVT died 4 mo after LT; other 2 after MVT with no recurrence at 8, 36 mo.	14

LT: liver transplantation; OLT: orthotopic liver transplantation; MVT: multivisceral transplantation; PNT: pancreatic endocrine tumors, nr: results not reported