Concentrations of gastric mucosal cytokines in children with food allergy and Helicobacter pylori infection

Table 1 Severity of corpus and antrum mucosa gastritis in children examined according to Sydney System[25] n (%)

Stage of corpus mucosa gastritis
Group	n	Mild	Moderate	Severe
Fa	48	6 (12.5)	1 (2)	0 (0)
Hp	18	8 (44.4)	9 (50)	1 (5.5)
Fa+Hp	16	5 (31.2)	8 (50)	2 (12.5)
C	15	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Stage of
antrum mucosa gastritis
Fa	48	9 (18.7)	1 (2)	0 (0)
Hp	18	1 (5.5)	8 (44.4)	9 (55)
Fa+Hp	16	3 (18.7)	8 (50)	5 (31.2)
C	15	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)

Fa, food allergy; Hp, H pylori; C, control group.

Table 2 Activation of corpus and antrum mucosa gastritis in children examined according to Sydney System[25] n (%)

		Activity of corpus gastritis
Group examined	n	Mild	Moderate	Severe	Lack
Fa	48	4 (8.3)	3 (6.2)	0 (0)	41 (85.4)
Hp	18	0 (0)	11 (61.1)	7 (38.8)	0 (0)
Fa+Hp	16	0 (0)	9 (56.2)	6 (37.5)	1 (6.2)
C	15	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	15 (100)
Activity of
antrum gastritis
Fa	48	7 (14.5)	3 (6.2)	0 (0)	38 (79.1)
Hp	18	0 (0)	5 (27.7)	13 (72.2)	0 (0)
Fa+Hp	16	0 (0)	5 (31.2)	11 (68.7)	0 (0)
C	15	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	15 (100)

Fa, food allergy; Hp, H pylori, C, control group.

Table 3 Cytokine concentration in gastric mucosa of children examined, according to Sydney System[25] (pg/mg)

Group	IL-2	IL-4	IL-5	IL-8	IL-10	IFN-γ	TNF-α
Fa	44.8	23.6	35.5	59.9	39.9	40.6	21.7
Hp	116.5b	35.3	34.1	88.0b	79.3b	18.9b	45.9b
Fa+Hp	98.1df	37.2	29.9	101.2d	50.1	25.5f	45.3df
C	45.7h	22.7	30.8	93.8f	40.4h	49.9h	31.6j

^bP<0.01 vs Fa and Hp,

^dP<0.01 vs Fa and Fa+Hp,

^fP<0.01 vs Fa and C,

^hP<0.01 vs Hp and C,

^jP<0.01 vs Fa+Hp and C.

Table 4 Concentrations of cytokines in gastric mucosa of children examined depending on inflammation stage according to Sydney System[25]

Cytokines	Fa		Hp				Fa+Hp
(pg/mg of the protein)	Antrum	Corpus	Antrum		Corpus		Antrum		Corpus
	Mild+moderate	Mild+moderate	Mild+moderate	Severe	Mild	Moderate+severe	Mild+moderate	Severe	Mild	Moderate+severe
IL-2	17.7	17.9	184.4b	38.8	77.7	150.4b	125.4b	38.3	106.7 b	98.6
IFN-γ	54.9	46.6	13.1b	24.1	17.8b	19.7b	21.9	34.3	23.1	27.1
IL-4	15.4	6.7b	62.2b	3.9a	37.6	32.7	44.3	1.7	32.1	46.4
IL-5	24.5	25.5	–	–	–	–	29.7	–	–	33
IL-8	37.5	37.5	101.2	72.9	93.6	83.1	98	108.2	71.1	118.3
IL-10	30.4	24.4	–	–	–	–	44.6	–	–	58.9
TNF-α	20.6	4.8	65.2	24.1	48.7	43.3	54.8b	24.3	49	44.8

^bP<0.01, cytokine concentrations statistically significantly different from controls. Fa, food allergy; Hp, H pylori; C, control group.

Table 5 Cytokine concentrations in gastric mucosa of children examined depending on the inflammation activity according to Sydney System[25]

Cytokines (pg/mg protein)	Fa		Hp				Fa+Hp
	Antrum	Corpus	Antrum		Corpus		Antrum		Corpus
	Mild+moderate	Mild+moderate	Mild+moderate	Severe	Mild+moderate	Severe	Mild+moderate	Severe	Mild	Moderate+severe
IL-2	17.7	17.9	204.3b	72.5	69	187.6b	70.1	110.9	119.3	74.3
IFN-γ	54.9	46.6	20.4	18.4	21.8b	14.6b	25.6	25.4	22.4	33.4
IL-4	15.4	6.7b	81.1b	6.7b	30	47.8	52	29.8	39.9	39.9
IL-5	24.5	25	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
IL-8	37.5	37.5	83.5	90.2	86.9	89.6	69.8	115.5	83.2	131.6
IL-10	30.4	24	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
TNF-α	20.6	4.8	76	33.3	37.4	57.9	24.6	54.6	60.4	24.9

^bP<0.01 vs cytokine concentrations statistically significantly different from controls. Fa, food allergy; Hp, H pylori; C, control group.