Experimental study on the role of endotoxin in the development of hepatopulmonary syndrome

Table 1 Analysis of blood gas in rats with cirrhosis (mean±SD).

Group	n	pH	PaCO2 (mmHg)	PaO2 (mmHg)
Normal control	8	7.38±0.03	33.94±4.21	94.71±13.72
Normal+endotoxin	7	7.31±0.02	28.13±2.56	117.51±22.30
Cirrhosis	7	7.34±0.14	28.76±5.57	88.87±28.46
Cirrhosis+endotoxin	6	7.32±0.04	24.98±8.69	112.55±24.02
Cirrhosis+endotoxin+glycine	6	7.31±0.10	33.25±5.10	110.40±12.71

Table 2 Analysis of blood gas in rats with cirrhosis (2) (mean±SD).

Group	n	O2cont (mL/dL)	SB (mmol/L)	AB (mmol/L)	AaDO2
Normal control	8	20.40±0.32	20.76±1.55	19.61±2.17	3.44±3.26
Normal+endotoxin	7	20.63±0.34	15.96±1.06	13.77±1.30c
Cirrhosis	7	19.80±1.1a	18.00±4.93	15.89±5.05c	9.9±2.08e
Cirrhosis+endotoxin	6	20.58±0.27	15.10±2.33	12.38±3.68c	18.48±7.86eg
Cirrhosis+endotoxin+glycine	6	20.60±0.14	17.63±3.59	16.43±3.82

^aP<0.05 vs other groups;

^cP<0.05 vs normal control group;

^eP<0.05 vs normal control;

^gP<0.05 vs cirrhosis group.

Table 3 Disturbance of acid-base in rats with cirrhosis.

Group	n	State of acid-base			Ratio of imbalance
		Normal	MA	MA+RA
Normal control	8	8			0/8
Normal+endotoxin	7		6	1	7/7
Cirrhosis	7		1	6	7/7
Cirrhosis+endotoxin	6		2	4	6/6
Cirrhosis+endotoxin+glycine	6	2	2	2	4/6

MA: metabolic acidosis; RA: respiratory alkalosis.

Table 4 Bacterial translocation of mesenteric lymph nodes in rats with cirrhosis (n = 5).

Group	Minor colony	Major colony	Gram reaction:
Normal control	5	0	gram-negative
Cirrhotic rats	2	3	predominantly

Table 5 Ratio of brain-over-lung radioactivity in rats with cirrhosis (mean±SD, n = 5).

Group	Ratio
Normal control	0.0014±0.0002
Normal+endotoxin	0.0019±0.0004
Cirrhosis	0.0029±0.0014a
Cirrhosis+endotoxin	0.0059±0.0002ac

^aP<0.05 vs normal control group;

^cP<0.05 vs cirrhosis group.

Table 6 Levels of plasma endotoxin and TNF-α in rats with cirrhosis (mean±SD, n = 6).

Group	Endotoxin (EU/mL)	TNF-α (ng/mL)
Normal control	0.0571±0.0104	0.6629±0.1620
Normal+endotoxin	0.5550±0.0699a	0.9344±0.2819e
Cirrhosis	0.1655±0.0410a	1.0588±0.1337e
Cirrhosis+endotoxin	0.5269±0.0659a	1.5571±0.1785e
Cirrhosis+endotoxin+glycine	0.3144±0.0649ac	1.2560±0.1356eg

^aP<0.05 vs normal control group;

^cP<0.05 vs cirrhosis+endotoxin group;

^eP<0.05 vs normal control group;

^gP<0.05 vs cirrhosis +endotoxin group.

Table 7 Levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates in rats with cirrhosis (mean±SD, n = 6).

Group	Plasma (ng/L)	Lung homogenate (ng/kg protein)
Normal control	92.0083±7.7498	163.3167±30.8496
Normal+endotoxin	391.3117±74.8649a	290.4733±78.3474e
Cirrhosis	224.0433±8.1965a	303.3683±44.6253e
Cirrhosis+endotoxin	377.2550±28.9485a	385.5517±143.1575e
Cirrhosis+endotoxin+glycine	271.2217±43.7350ac	361.2283±71.4878eg

^aP<0.05 vs normal control group;

^cP<0.05 vs cirrhosis+endotoxin group;

^eP<0.05 vs normal control group;

^gP<0.05 vs cirrhosis +endotoxin group.

Table 8 Levels of plasma NO and lung homogenates in rats with cirrhosis (mean±SD, n = 6).

Group	Plasma (mmol/L)	Lung homogenate (mmol/g protein)
Normal control	35.88±12.66	4.97±0.77
Normal+endotoxin	153.25±20.33a	9.85±0.95e
Cirrhosis	90.31±10.27a	8.93±0.83e
Cirrhosis+endotoxin	227.32±32.63a	14.66±1.67e
Cirrhosis+endotoxin+glycine	142.89±18.13ac	9.11±0.93eg

^aP<0.05 vs normal control group;

^cP<0.05 vs cirrhosis+endotoxin group;

^eP<0.05 vs normal control group;

^gP<0.05 vs cirrhosis +endotoxin group.

Table 9 Levels of CO in plasma and lung homogenates in rats with cirrhosis (mean±SD, n = 6).

Group	Plasma (mmol/L)	Lung homogenate (mol/mg)
Normal control	2.94±0.64	5.90±0.70
Normal+endotoxin	2.54±0.41	6.97±0.58a
Cirrhosis	2.59±0.31	9.11±0.85a
Cirrhosis+endotoxin	2.96±0.95	8.61±0.88a
Cirrhosis+endotoxin+glycine	2.93±0.44	8.56±1.33a

^aP<0.05, vs normal control group.

Table 10 Effect of endotoxin on secretion of TNF-α from Kupffer cells (mean±SD, n = 6).

Group	TNF-α(ng/mL)
Normal control	1.31±0.18
LPS 100 ng	1.93±0.29a
LPS 100 ng+PD98059 10 mmol/L	1.52±0.05
LPS 100 ng+SB212850 2 mmol/L	1.51±0.33
LPS 100 ng+Glycine 10 mmol/L	1.52±0.25

^aP<0.05 vs other groups.