Consumption of purple sweet potato leaves modulates human immune response: T-lymphocyte functions, lytic activity of natural killer cell and antibody production

Table 1 Physical characteristics of subjects (mean±SD)

Subjects	Before		After
	Male	Female	Male	Female
n	7	9	7	9
Age (yr)	21 ± 1.5	20 ± 1.2	21 ± 1.5	20 ± 1.2
Height (cm)	175.4 ± 5.7	161.9 ± 7.2	175.4 ± 5.7	161.9 ± 7.2
Body weight (kg)	64.8 ± 9.6	53.8 ± 6.4	65.9 ± 9.2	54.7 ± 6.6
Body mass index (kg/m2)	21.0 ± 2.6	20.6 ± 2.3	21.4 ± 2.4	20.9 ± 2.3
Body fat (%)	16.4 ± 4.5	26.8 ± 4.9	17.4 ± 4.5	28.7 ± 4.6

Table 2 Change of plasma and urine β-carotene and polyphenol levels in subjects (mean±SD)

	Baseline	Washout	1 wk	2 wk
β-carotene in plasma (mmol/L)
Control	0.088±0.06	0.076±0.02	0.104±0.05	0.125±0.05a
PSPL	0.091±0.04	0.107±0.04	0.125±0.05c	0.139±0.04c
Polyphenol in plasma (mg GAE/dL)
Control	61.61±1.39	61.04±1.94	58.86±1.38c	59.02±1.35c
PSPL	59.21±3.34	58.87±1.63	59.44±2.00	60.01±1.41
Polyphenol in urine (mg GAE/dL)
Control	8.38±1.50	8.28±1.19	6.76±131	6.95±1.36c
PSPL	8.20±0.95	8.25±1.58	10.30±0.89ce	10.27±1.39ce

^aP<0.05 for 2 wk vs baseline, washout, 1 wk.

^cP<0.05 for baseline vs 1 and 2 wk.

^eP<0.05 for control vs PSPL.