Oral administration of geranylgeranylacetone plus local somatothermal stimulation: A simple, effective, safe and operable preconditioning combination for conferring tolerance against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat livers

Table 1 ALT values at different time points in all groups (mean±SD)

Group	60 min afterclamping (n = 9)	30 min afterreperfusion (n = 9)	24 h after surgery	48 h after surgery	72 h after surgery
C	365.67 ± 13.34	2601.00 ± 99.21a	3512.75 ± 110.20 (n = 4)a	3895.00 ± 24.04 (n = 2)a	–
G	364.22 ± 8.11	2527.44 ± 74.97a	3521.33 ± 59.53 (n = 3)a	3820.50 ± 72.64 (n=2)a	–
S	369.00 ± 12.69	2174.56 ± 83.99c	3227.50 ± 104.94 (n = 6)c	3589.20 ± 72.64 (n = 5)c	3193.50 ± 101.12 (n = 2)c
WG	363.44 ± 9.07	1977.33 ± 61.07	2584.63 ± 194.11 (n = 8)	3040.83 ± 154.93 (n = 6)	2793.50 ± 122.15 (n=4)
SG	359.11 ± 10.87	1723.56 ± 94.33	2013.78 ± 198.22 (n = 9)	2496.13 ± 139.96 (n = 8)	1987.25 ± 95.44 (n=7)

^aP<0.05 vs group S, WG, SG;

^cP<0.05 vs group WG and SG LSD.

Table 2 AST values at different time points in all groups (mean±SD)

Group	60 min afterclamping (n = 9)	30 min afterreperfusion (n = 9)	24 h after surgery	48 h after surgery	72 h after surgery
C	365.00±13.73	2 501.89±77.27a	3509.00±125.68 (n = 4)a	3881.00±55.15 (n = 2)a	–
G	363.56±12.86	2 525.67±66.83a	3539.67±156.83 (n = 3)a	3932.5±2.12 (n = 2)a	–
S	367.67±12.87	2 130.78±78.61c	3221.5±96.67 (n = 6)c	3595.80±60.44 (n = 5)c	3 188.00±63.64 (n = 2)c
WG	369.67±7.312	1 983.44±50.80	2591.5±186.35 (n = 8)	3060.50±145.10 (n = 6)	2 763.75±127.47 (n = 4)
SG	360.67±9.31	1 729.67±93.54	2019.33±156.83 (n = 9)	2482.38±113.96 (n = 8)	1 920.38±91.82 (n = 7)

^aP<0.05 vs group S, WG, SG;

^cP<0.05 vs group WG and SG LSD.

Table 3 Survived rats in all groups

Group (n = 9)	1 d aftersurgery	2 d aftersurgery	3 d aftersurgery	7 d aftersurgery
C	4	2	0	0
G	3	2	0	0
S	6	5	2	2
WG	8	6	4	4a
SG	9	8	7	7a

^aP<0.05 vs group S Wilcoxon.