Copyright
©The Author(s) 2005.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 14, 2005; 11(34): 5314-5321
Published online Sep 14, 2005. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i34.5314
Published online Sep 14, 2005. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i34.5314
Table 1 Clinical and biochemical characteristics of 557 men and 465 women with different severities of ultrasonographic liver steatosis
Characteristics | Ultrasonographic liver steatosis | ||||||||||
Men | P for trend | Women | P for trend | ||||||||
Absent | Mild | Moderate | Severe | Absent | Mild | Moderate | Severe | ||||
(n = 240) | (n = 133) | (n = 165) | (n = 19) | (n = 275) | (n = 87) | (n = 93) | (n = 10) | ||||
Age (yr) | 51.6 ± 11.0 | 50.0 ± 9.9 | 51.4 ± 10.6 | 49.2 ± 11.2 | 0.521 | 51.5 ± 9.4 | 52.7 ± 9.5 | 55.5 ± 7.8 | 55.9 ± 9.1 | < 0.001 | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.1 ± 2.5 | 24.7 ± 2.3 | 25.3 ± 2.6 | 26.5 ± 2.1 | < 0.001 | 23.6 ± 2.7 | 25.8 ± 3.1 | 26.6 ± 3.0 | 27.5 ± 4.0 | < 0.001 | |
Waist circumference (cm) | 83.0 ± 6.9 | 88.0 ± 6.5 | 89.2 ± 6.3 | 92.1 ± 6.8 | < 0.001 | 79.0 ± 7.0 | 85.2 ± 7.7 | 88.0 ± 7.4 | 88.5 ± 8.5 | < 0.001 | |
Body fat percent | 20.0 ± 4.4 | 23.0 ± 4.2 | 23.4 ± 4.1 | 24.1 ± 3.5 | < 0.001 | 30.1 ± 4.7 | 33.2 ± 5.4 | 34.8 ± 4.9 | 36.1 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 | |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 126.7 ± 16.9 | 129.4 ± 16.0 | 133.9 ± 18.8 | 133.7 ± 10.7 | < 0.001 | 128.4 ± 20.2 | 131.7 ± 17.3 | 136.5 ± 19.1 | 138.5 ± 10.6 | < 0.001 | |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78.2 ± 11.5 | 79.9 ± 11.1 | 83.0 ± 12.2 | 84.2 ± 7.9 | < 0.001 | 78.2 ± 13.2 | 80.7 ± 12.0 | 82.7 ± 11.9 | 82.0 ± 7.9 | 0.002 | |
Total cholesterol | 194.5 ± 32.2 | 200.6 ± 33.4 | 205.3 ± 34.6 | 204.7 ± 25.1 | 0.001 | 201.3 ± 33.0 | 208.3 ± 37.3 | 217.0 ± 36.9 | 225.4 ± 28.2 | < 0.001 | |
(mg/dL) | |||||||||||
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 149.4 ± 104.9 | 200.2 ± 119.5 | 230.1 ± 161.8 | 230.6 ± 111.7 | < 0.001 | 123.5 ± 93.1 | 164.5 ± 115.3 | 188.6 ± 122.0 | 184.0 ± 80.1 | < 0.001 | |
HDL-cholesterol | 46.2 ± 10.4 | 43.7 ± 9.6 | 41.3 ± 8.3 | 41.7 ± 8.8 | < 0.001 | 52.9 ± 13.4 | 47.3 ± 12.8 | 47.0 ± 12.1 | 47.0 ± 7.6 | < 0.001 | |
(mg/dL) | |||||||||||
Fasting glucose | 97.5 ± 23.3 | 101.7 ± 19.6 | 108.3 ± 29.4 | 117.2 ± 36.0 | < 0.001 | 92.7 ± 21.2 | 102.9 ± 36.3 | 103.4 ± 27.4 | 109.7 ± 17.7 | < 0.001 | |
(mg/dL) | |||||||||||
Fasting insulin (IU/L) | 9.8 ± 11.4 | 11.9 ± 6.9 | 12.6 ± 7.1 | 13.2 ± 5.1 | 0.002 | 9.1 ± 4.9 | 13.9 ± 8.6 | 15.1 ± 9.7 | 16.9 ± 6.2 | < 0.001 | |
HOMA-IR | 2.6 ± 5.4 | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 3.3 ± 2.0 | 3.9 ± 1.8 | 0.037 | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 3.5 ± 2.3 | 3.8 ± 2.5 | 4.5 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 | |
AST (IU/L) | 22.4 ± 7.2 | 25.0 ± 10.0 | 27.5 ± 21.5 | 29.5 ± 8.0 | < 0.001 | 21.0 ± 7.8 | 21.4 ± 11.3 | 23.0 ± 11.2 | 28.2 ± 6.3 | 0.013 | |
ALT (IU/L) | 23.4 ± 11.8 | 31.5 ± 18.3 | 38.3 ± 35.9 | 50.8 ± 19.0 | < 0.001 | 19.2 ± 13.5 | 21.8 ± 13.8 | 26.8 ± 17.4 | 34.8 ± 12.9 | < 0.001 | |
γ-GT (IU/L) | 45.1 ± 50.6 | 67.1 ± 63.4 | 69.4 ± 148.8 | 69.4 ± 42.6 | 0.009 | 23.7 ± 22.8 | 31.6 ± 37.7 | 32.8 ± 21.3 | 38.7 ± 11.1 | < 0.001 | |
Carotid IMT (mm) | 0.71 ± 0.19 | 0.75 ± 0.21 | 0.79 ± 0.26 | 0.73 ± 0.13 | < 0.001 | 0.70 ± 0.21 | 0.77 ± 0.23 | 0.79 ± 0.23 | 0.81 ± 0.31 | < 0.001 | |
Menopause (%) | 58.2 | 60.9 | 81.5 | 90 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Current smoking | 47.9 | 46.6 | 42.4 | 42.1 | 0.269 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 1.1 | 10 | 0.345 | |
Alcohol intake ≥ 4/wk | 55.6 | 60.9 | 53 | 42.1 | 0.387 | 13.2 | 17.2 | 9.7 | - | 0.314 | |
Carotid IMT 1.0 ≥ (mm) | 10 | 10.5 | 17 | 5.3 | 0.143 | 6.6 | 12.6 | 8.6 | 20 | 0.145 |
Table 2 Sex-specific prevalence of metabolic disorders by the severity of ultrasonographic liver steatosis
Severity of ultrasonographic liver steatosis | P | ||||
Absent | Mild | Moderate | Severe | ||
Men (%) | (n = 240) | (n = 133) | (n = 165) | (n = 19) | |
Waist circumference > 90 (cm) | 14.6 | 33.1 | 44.2 | 57.9 | < 0.001 |
Blood pressure ≥ 130/85 (mmHg)1 | 51.7 | 52.6 | 72.1 | 84.2 | < 0.001 |
Fasting glucose ≥ 110 (mg/dL)2 | 11.3 | 12 | 21.8 | 15.8 | 0.008 |
Triglyceride ≥ 150 (mg/dL) | 33.8 | 63.2 | 67.3 | 73.7 | < 0.001 |
HDL-cholesterol < 40 (mg/dL) | 30.4 | 39.8 | 42.4 | 36.8 | 0.02 |
Metabolic syndrome (≥ 3 of the above) | 16.3 | 31.6 | 46.7 | 57.9 | < 0.001 |
Number of metabolic | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 |
abnormalities, mean±SD | |||||
Women (%) | (n = 275) | (n = 87) | (n = 93) | (n = 10) | |
Waist circumference > 80 (cm) | 42.9 | 81.6 | 87.1 | 90 | < 0.001 |
Blood pressure ≥ 130/85 (mmHg)1 | 56.4 | 64.4 | 73.1 | 100 | < 0.001 |
Fasting glucose ≥ 110 (mg/dL)2 | 2.2 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 40 | < 0.001 |
Triglyceride ≥ 150 (mg/dL) | 22.9 | 34.5 | 47.3 | 60 | < 0.001 |
HDL-cholesterol < 50 (mg/dL) | 41.8 | 62.1 | 62.4 | 70 | < 0.001 |
Metabolic syndrome (≥ 3 of the above) | 22.5 | 54 | 65.6 | 70 | < 0.001 |
Number of metabolic | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 2.6 ± 1.1 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 3.6 ± 1.3 | < 0.001 |
abnormalities, mean±SD |
Table 3 Sex-specific associations between the severity of ultrasonographic liver steatosis and metabolic syndrome
Ultrasoundliver steatosis | Numberof people | Number withmetabolic syndrome (%) | Age-adjustedodds ratio (95%CI) | Multivariate-adjustedodds ratio (95%CI)1 |
Men | ||||
Absent | 240 | 39 (16.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Mild | 133 | 42 (31.6) | 2.43 (1.47-4.01) | 1.72 (1.01-2.94) |
Moderate | 165 | 77 (46.7) | 4.54 (2.87-7.20) | 2.89 (1.75-4.76) |
Severe | 19 | 11 (57.9) | 7.32 (2.76-19.44) | 3.53 (1.25-9.98) |
Total | 557 | 169 (30.3) | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 |
Women | ||||
Absent | 275 | 62 (22.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Mild | 87 | 47 (54.0) | 4.06 (2.41-6.83) | 2.86 (1.64-5.01) |
Moderate | 93 | 61 (65.6) | 5.81 (3.45-9.80) | 3.19 (1.80-5.65) |
Severe | 10 | 7 (70.0) | 7.07 (1.73-28.89) | 3.70 (0.82-16.73) |
Total | 465 | 177 (38.1) | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 |
Table 4 Sex-specific associations between liver enzyme levels and metabolic syndrome
AST (IU/L) | Multivariate-adjustedodds ratio (95%CI)1 | ALT (IU/L) | Multivariate-adjustedodds ratio (95%CI)1 | γ-GT (IU/L) | Multivariate-adjustedodds ratio (95%CI)1 | |
Men | ||||||
9-21 | 1.00 | 4-22 | 1.00 | 9-35 | 1.00 | |
22-25 | 0.69 (0.42-1.16) | 23-31 | 1.76 (1.04-2.99) | 36-52 | 1.66 (0.95-2.90) | |
26-46 | 0.89 (0.54-1.45) | 32-77 | 2.57 (1.54-4.29) | 53-180 | 3.20 (1.87-5.47) | |
47-278 | 1.81 (0.62-5.28) | 78-421 | 5.23 (1.69-16.18) | 181-1 885 | 3.33 (1.09-10.16) | |
P = 0.953 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | ||||
Women | ||||||
9-21 | 1.00 | 4-19 | 1.00 | 8-22 | 1.00 | |
22-24 | 0.58 (0.32-1.06) | 20-24 | 1.22 (0.70-2.12) | 23-31 | 1.87 (1.06-3.30) | |
25-42 | 0.96 (0.54-1.70) | 25-61 | 1.44 (0.83-2.50) | 32-100 | 1.25 (0.72-2.19) | |
43-117 | 0.68 (0.16-2.93) | 62-172 | 0.87 (0.20-3.73) | 101-323 | 1.46 (0.33-6.37) | |
P = 0.475 | P = 0.271 | P = 0.230 |
- Citation: Kim HC, Choi SH, Shin HW, Cheong JY, Lee KW, Lee HC, Huh KB, Kim DJ. Severity of ultrasonographic liver steatosis and metabolic syndrome in Korean men and women. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11(34): 5314-5321
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v11/i34/5314.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i34.5314