Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats

Table 1 Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the induction of gastric ulcers by 50% ethanol in rats^¹.

Treatment and dose	n	Mucosal lesions²		Preventive ratio (%)
		U. Number	U.I. (mm2)
Control (NS)	5	0	0
NS + 50% EtOH (1 mL/rat)	5	10±4	20.31±4.23
GbE (8.75 mg/kg)+50% EtOH	5	8±3	15.25±3.21	24.91
GbE (17.5 mg/kg)+50% EtOH	5	3±3a	8.83±3.59a	56.52
GbE (26.25 mg/kg)+50% EtOH	5	2±2a	6.37±4.22a	68.64

¹NS, normal saline; GbE, Ginkgo biloba extract; EtOH, ethanol; U. No., ulcer number; U.I., ulcer index.

²Each value represents the mean±SE. Significantly different from vehicle with ethanol treatment (^aP<0.05).

Table 2 Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the induction of changes in gastric wall mucus by gavages with 50% ethanol¹.

Treatment and dose	n	Gastric wall mucus (mg Alcian blue/g wet tissue, mean±SE)
Control (NS)	5	442.21±28.36
NS+50% EtOH (1 mL/rat)	5	356.87±30.67a
GbE (8.75 mg/kg)+50% EtOH	5	348.87±32.37
GbE (17.5 mg/kg)+50% EtOH	5	395.27±25.91
GbE (26.25 mg/kg)+50% EtOH	5	410.82±29.16c

¹NS, normal saline; GbE, Ginkgo biloba extract; EtOH, ethanol. Significantly different from the control (NS) (^aP<0.05). Significantly different from the ethanol treatment (^cP<0.05).

Table 3 Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the levels of NP-SH in the stomachs of rats treated by gavages with 50% ethanol¹.

Treatment and dose	n	NP-SH concentrations (mg/100 mg /wet tissue, mean±SE)
Control (NS)	5	12.21±1.03
NS+50% EtOH (1 mL/rat)	5	2.82±1.32a
GbE (8.75 mg/kg)+50% EtOH	5	5.03±1.25c
GbE (17.5 mg/kg)+50% EtOH	5	5.66±1.82c
GbE (26.25 mg/kg)+50% EtOH	5	11.32±2.01c

¹NS, normal saline; GbE, Ginkgo biloba extract; EtOH, ethanol; NP-SH, non-protein sulfhydryils. Significantly different from the control (normal saline,

^aP<0.05). Significantly different from the ethanol treatment (^cP<0.05).

Table 4 Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the lipid peroxidation in the stomachs of rats treated by gavages with 50% ethanol^¹.

Treatment and dose	n	Malondialdehyde concentration (nmol/g wet tissue, mean±SE)
Control (NS)	5	102.54±15.32
NS+50% ethanol (1 mL/rat)	5	209.27±10.48a
GbE (8.75 mg/kg)+50% EtOH	5	212.32±9.83
GbE (17.5 mg/kg)+50% EtOH	5	125.48±11.39c
GbE (26.25 mg/kg)+50% EtOH	5	118.82±8.26c

¹NS, normal saline; GbE, Ginkgo biloba extract; etOH, ethanol. Significantly different from the control (normal saline) (^aP<0.05). Significantly different from the ethanol treatment (^cP<0.05).

Table 5 Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the gastric secretion and acidity in pylorus-ligated rats¹.

Treatment and dose	n	Volume of gastric secretion (mL)2	Titrable acidity (mEq/L)2
Control (NS)	5	13.35±0.98	63.82±8.83
GbE (8.75 mg/kg)	5	12.67±0.81	61.98±7.34
GbE (17.5 mg/kg)	5	11.98±0.53	58.14±9.28
GbE (26.25 mg/kg)	5	10.78±0.91	56.28±8.91

¹NS, normal saline; GbE, Ginkgo biloba extract; EtOH, ethanol.

²Each value repressed with mean±SE.