Multivariate analysis of the risk for pulmonary complication after gastrointestinal surgery

Table 1 Comparisons of clinical data between PPC group and non-PPC group and results of univariate logistic regression (mean±SD).

X	PPC group n = 228	Non-PPC group n = 774	OR	P	95%CI
Age(yr)	64.10±13.95	54.51±14.95	1.048	0.000a	1.036-1.600
Sexmale/female	152(66.7)/76(33.3)	497(64.2)/277(35.8)	0.897	0.495	0.657-1.226
BMI(kg/m2)	20.54±3.64	20.60±3.03	0.995	0.935	0.883-1.122
Smoking	87(38.2)	155(20.0)	1.523	0.000a	1.450-1.600
Diabetes mellitus	20(8.8)	60(7.8)	1.144	0.618	0.674-1.942
Heart diseases	19(8.3)	32 (4.1)	1.698	0.018a	1.097-2.630
Hypertension	39(17.1)	89(11.5)	1.588	0.027a	1.055-2.392
Cerebral diseases	13(5.7)	16(2.1)	1.555	0.008a	1.120-2.158
Respiratory diseases	38(16.7)	35(4.5)	1.663	0.000a	1.357-2.038
Abnormal electrocardiogram	98(43.0)	278(35.9)	1.039	0.09	0.994-1.087
Abnormal chest radiograph	62(27.2)	142(18.3)	1.211	0.015a	1.190-1.233
Hemoglobin (g/L)	114.90±23.52	117.20±25.73	0.996	0.228	0.991-1.002
ALT (U/L)	24.67±34.96	22.27±39.12	1.001	0.41	0.998-1.005
Serum albumin(g/L)	38.00±4.97	39.96±4.86	0.92	0.000a	0.899-0.953
Serum globulin (g/L)	25.46±6.61	26.42±6.66	0.978	0.058	0.957-1.001
BUN(mmol/L)	6.22±3.43	5.27±2.05	1.152	0.000a	1.086-1.221
Creatinine(mmol/L)	93.68±51.12	84.58±21.82	1.009	0.001a	1.003-1.014
TC(mmol/L)	4.00±1.24	4.18±1.28	0.893	0.067	0.791-1.008
HDL-C(mmol/L)	1.08±0.32	1.16±0.41	0.561	0.009a	0.365-0.864
LDL-C(mmol/L)	2.54±1.03	2.67±1.00	0.883	0.107	0.760-1.027
Triglyceride(mmol/L)	1.14±1.06	1.13±1.05	1.008	0.909	0.878-1.157
FEV1(L)	1.79±0.79	2.08±2.01	0.863	0.49	0.567-1.312
FVC(L)	2.37±0.87	2.25±0.76	1.211	0.531	0.665-2.206
FEV1/FVC(%)	74.84±14.73	79.10±12.60	0.977	0.203	0.942-1.013
FVC%	80.05±22.05	79.95±21.91	1	0.985	0.978-1.023
MVV(%)	73.17±25.51	77.12±25.14	0.994	0.517	0.975-1.013
History of respiratory infection in 2 wk before operation (cured)	21(9.2)	34(4.4)	2.208	0.006a	1.254-3.886
Volume of preoperative erythrocyte transfusion(mL)	85.97±292.6	65.25±248.2	1	0.295	1.000-1.001
Volume of preoperative whole blood transfusion (mL)	23.25±140.6	16.67±115.1	1	0.476	0.999-1.002
Volume of preoperative plasma transfusion(mL)	28.07±148.7	23.06±227.7	1	0.755	0.999-1.001
Volume of preoperative platelet transfusion(U)	0.07±0.99	0.04±1.08	1.021	0.738	0.903-1.156
(To be continued)
Duration of preoperative antibiotic therapy(d)	2.16±3.42	1.78±2.49	1.05	0.062	0.997-1.104
Duration of preoperative antacids therapy(d)	1.46±3.38	1.38±3.21	1.007	0.76	0.963-1.053
Chemotherapy 2 wk before operation	10(4.4)	15(1.9)	2.321	0.043a	1.028-5.240
Deep vein puncture	81(35.5)	234(30.2)	1.272	0.131	0.931-1.736
Length of preoperative stay(d)	6.43±7.12	5.73±6.39	1.015	0.162	0.994-1.036
Type of diseases for operation			0.934	0.040a	0.875-0.997
Benign or malignant diseases			0.992	0.938	0.812-1.212
ASA classification			2.31	0.000a	1.818-2.935
Site of surgical incision			1.606	0.004a	1.166-2.211
Duration of operation(min)	193.18±87.78	180.90±63.77	1.02	0.035a	1.015-1.025
Type of operation			1.013	0.312	0.988-1.039
Length of surgical incision(cm)	19.81±8.00	18.10±6.72	1.033	0.07	0.997-1.070
Duration of anesthesia(min)	263.71±96.55	246.53±85.82	1.027	0.026a	1.020-1.035
Type of anesthesia			1.293	0.000a	1.132-1.478
Volume of blood loss during operation(mL)	408.25±300.24	336.15±287.27	1.001	0.041a	1.001-1.002
Length of intraoperative intratracheal intubation(min)	139.10±148.10	83.79±128.71	1.003	0.000a	1.002-1.004
Total volume of intraoperative fluid transfusion(mL)	2517.32±985.43	2454.10±909.59	1	0.366	1.000-1.000
Volume of intraoperative isotonic solution transfusion(mL)	1673.25±714.56	1644.96±693.44	1	0.591	1.000-1.000
Volume of intraoperative colloid solution transfusion(mL)	763.16±423.49	733.66±383.33	1	0.319	1.000-1.001
Volume of intraoperative glucose solution transfusion(mL)	101.10±219.95	80.94±194.69	1	0.184	1.000-1.001
Total volume of intraoperative blood products transfusion(mL)	310.75±740.67	185.05±368.06	1.002	0.002a	1.001-1.002
Volume of intraoperative erythrocyte transfusion(mL)	164.04±366.82	112.92±217.27	1.002	0.015a	1.001-1.002
Volume of intraoperative whole blood transfusion(mL)	60.96±220.96	37.14±153.88	1.001	0.073	1.000-1.001
Volume of intraoperative plasma transfusion(mL)	76.32±259.13	41.41±135.75	1.001	0.051	1.000-1.002
Volume of intraoperative cryoprecipitate transfusion(U)	0.30±1.76	0.08±0.96	1.001	0.243	1.000-1.002
pH of arterial blood after operation	7.39±0.1	7.40±0.20	0.176	0.557	0.001-5.809
(To be continued)
PaO2 of postoperative blood gas analysis (kPa)	11.37±5.78	15.91±6.35	0.891	0.010a	0.816-0.973
PaCO2 of postoperative blood gas analysis(kPa)	5.36±1.98	4.70±0.90	1.298	0.155	0.906-1.858
Length of postoperative ICU stay(h)	8.31±36.75	0.37±2.91	1.057	0.000a	1.027-1.087
Time of postoperative food intake(d)	5.17±4.09	4.92±3.08	1.065	0.012a	1.014-1.119
Postoperative analgesia	88(38.6)	371(47.9)	0.683	0.013a	0.505-0.923
Length of nasogastric intubation(d)	4.02±7.04	3.08±2.60	1.062	0.010a	1.014-1.112
Duration of postoperative antacids therapy(d)	11.86±11.10	7.66±3.78	1.455	0.015a	1.075-1.971
Length of postoperative intratracheal intubation(h)	8.11±38.00	0.10±1.54	1.157	0.000a	1.068-1.252
Length of postoperative mechanical ventilation(h)	3.53±19.88	2.32±0.46	1.339	0.002a	1.117-1.605

^aP<0.05.

Table 2 Variables associated with PPC by multivariate logistic regression.

Variable	Parameter estimate	SE	OR	95%CI	P
Age (yr)	0.039	0.007	1.040	1.027-1.054	0
History of respiratory diseases	1.090	0.278	2.976	1.724-5.135	0
Volume of preoperative erythrocyte transfusion	0.001	0.000	1.002	1.001-1.003	0.011
Serum albumin	-0.047	0.018	0.954	0.921-0.988	0.009
Length of intraoperative intratracheal intubation	0.002	0.001	1.002	1.001-1.004	0
Length of nasogastric intubation	0.049	0.022	1.050	1.007-1.096	0.023
Length of postoperative mechanical ventilation	0.630	0.232	1.878	1.193-2.957	0.007
Length of preoperative antibiotics therapy	0.070	0.033	1.072	1.005-1.145	0.037
Chemotherapy 2 wk before operation	1.168	0.445	3.214	1.345-7.684	0.009