Effects of 24 h ultra-marathon on biochemical and hematological parameters

Table 1 Anthropometric data of the study population (n = 11)

	Range	Mean	Standard Deviation
Age (yr)	26.00-55.00	45.10	± 2.64
Height (cm)	155.00-177.00	166.80	± 6.23
Body weight (kg)	47.00-69.30	60.60	± 9.69
Distance completed (km)	106.70-194.40	158.60	± 26.78
BMI(body mass index)	19.56-22.12	21.79	± 0.24

Table 2 Changes in Hb, Hct, red cell parameters and platelet count before and after the race

	Pre-race	0 h post-race	2 d post-race	9 d post-race
Red cell count (× 1012/L)	4.71 ± 0.25ce	4.71 ± 0.45	4.07 ± 0.27	4.42 ± 0.21
Hb (g/dL)	14.63 ± 0.91ce	14.58 ± 1.17	12.52 ± 0.86	13.81 ± 0.69
Hct (%)	42.34 ± 2.73ce	42.37 ± 3.82	37.33 ± 3.15	40.27 ± 1.84
Mean cell volume (fl)	89.91 ± 3.11e	90.05 ± 3.37	90.29 ± 3.50	91.15 ± 3.19
Mean cell Hb (pg)	31.09 ± 1.23	31.02 ± 1.44	30.90 ± 1.29	31.22 ± 1.34
Mean cell Hb
Concentration (g/dL)	34.59 ± 0.45e	34.44 ± 0.60	34.24 ± 0.47	34.25 ± 0.64
Red cell distribution width (%)	12.84 ± 0.60	12.94 ± 0.88	12.69 ± 0.57	12.80 ± 0.65
Platelet (× 109/L)	235.45 ± 47.27ace	248.91 ± 46.95	209.82 ± 58.28	280.27 ± 67.23

^aP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when pre-race compared with 0 h post-race.

^cP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when pre-race compared with 2 d post-race.

^eP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when pre-race compared with 9 d post-race.

Table 3 Total and differential white cell counts before and after the race

	Pre-race	0 h post-race	2 d post-race	9 d post-race
White cell count (× 109/L)	4.95 ± 1.05ace	11.87 ± 1.46	5.83 ± 1.09	5.95 ± 1.45
Neutrophils (%)	56.02 ± 6.69a	76.43 ± 6.28	57.66 ± 7.28	57.93 ± 9.16
Lymphocytes (%)	33.10 ± 6.94a	14.47 ± 4.82	30.89 ± 6.42	32.15 ± 8.07
Monocytes (%)	7.83 ± 3.58	8.21 ± 2.84	9.34 ± 2.77	7.15 ± 1.91
Eosinophils (× 109/L)	2.07 ± 1.01a	0.20 ± 0.19	1.75 ± 0.76	1.80 ± 1.20
Basophils (× 109/L)	0.96 ± 0.19a	0.68 ± 0.24	0.82 ± 0.26	0.99 ± 0.28

^aP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when pre-race compared with 0 h post-race.

^cP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when pre-race compared with 2 d post-race.

^eP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when pre-race compared with 9 d post-race.

Table 4 Comparisons of parameters related to iron metabolism before and after the race

	Pre-race	0 h post-race	2 d post-race	9 d post-race
Ferritin (µg/L)	64.45 ± 27.95ae	117.00 ± 52.66	70.18 ± 44.88	103.36 ± 42.15
TIBC (µmol/L)	361.00 ± 31.38ae	372.18 ± 30.93	357.64 ± 35.43	356.36 ± 30.75
Transferrin saturation (%)	17.73 ± 8.05ae	31.09 ± 13.32	19.27 ± 11.62	29.18 ± 11.70

^aP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when pre-race compared with 0 h post-race. ^cP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when pre-race compared with 2 d post-race.

^eP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when pre-race compared with 9 d post-race.

Table 5 Serum enzyme activity before and after the ultra marathon race

	Pre-race	0 h post-race	2 d post-race	9 d post-race
BIL-T (µmol/L)	11.63 ± 2.91a	25.65 ± 9.75	13.68 ± 7.70	12.14 ± 4.10
BIL-D (µmol/L)	2.57 ± 0.68a	7.01 ± 2.91	3.25 ± 1.54	2.74 ± 1.20
TP (g/L)	72.51 ± 4.70ce	72.50 ± 6.21	66.14 ± 3.90	67.00 ± 4.91
Albumin (g/L)	44.82 ± 2.83 ce	45.42 ± 2.92	38.55 ± 5.83	42.43 ± 2.84
Globulin (g/L)	27.53 ± 2.51c	27.25 ± 3.74	25.56 ± 2.01	27.53 ± 2.42
ALP (U/L)	132.85 ± 56.50a	160.55 ± 33.00	131.36 ± 34.00	134.27 ± 34.40
AST (U/L)	37.10 ± 19.10ac	536.70 ± 311.10	271.30 ± 227.80	34.30 ± 8.70
ALT (U/L)	35.10 ± 13.10ace	118.40 ± 75.10	126.00 ± 68.30	50.50 ± 18.90
γ-GT (U/L)	20.18 ± 6.23	24.18 ± 14.30	19.18 ± 9.00	20.91 ± 8.00
LDH (U/L)	367.50 ± 105.60ace	1420.50 ± 598.50	1120.30 ± 605.10	582.70 ± 207.90

^aP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when pre-race compared with 0 h post-race.

^cP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when pre-race compared with 2 d post-race.

^eP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when pre-race compared with 9 d post-race.

Table 6 Changes in parameters related to lipid metabolism before and after the ultra marathon race

	Pre-race	0 h post-race	2 d post-race	9 d post-race
TG (mmol/L)	0.95 ± 0.27a	0.67 ± 0.28	0.84 ± 0.32	1.09 ± 0.55
CHO (mmol/L	4.87 ± 1.06c	4.63 ± 1.09	4.13 ± 0.57	4.51 ± 0.50
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.92 ± 0.47	2.02 ± 0.50	1.68 ± 0.24	1.77 ± 0.32
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.51 ± 0.78ac	2.30 ± 0.72	2.02 ± 0.49	2.24 ± 0.39
CHO/HDL-C	2.50 ± 0.48a	2.30 ± 0.37	2.40 ± 0.38	2.60 ± 0.43

^aP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when pre-race compared with 0 h post-race.

^cP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when pre-race compared with 2 d post-race. ^eP < 0.05 vs statistically significant when pre-race compared with 9 d post-race.