Intestinal barrier damage caused by trauma and lipopolysaccharide

Table 1 Concentrations of NO in blood plasma and in intesti-nal mucosa

Group	n	BP(µmol/L)	SIM(µmol/g)1
Control	8	38.63 ± 8.75b	39.19 ± 2.68
EN	10	103.39 ± 10.18	67.19 ± 6.67
PN	9	63.06 ± 23.33a	66.90 ± 6.25
Sep	8	113.33 ± 30.47	53.10 ± 2.16

Values are expressed as mean ± SE; BP, blood plasma; SIM, mucous membrane of small intestine;

^bP < 0.01 vs EN group and Sep group;

^aP < 0.05 vs Sep group:

¹There was no statistical significance in NO levels in mucous membrane of small intes-tine among groups; r = 0.485, P = 0.515, there was no correla-tion of NO concentration in mucous membrane with that in blood plasma.

Table 2 IgA levels in blood plasma and small intestinal mucosa

Group	n	Blood plasma IgA (µg/mL)	Mucosa tissue IgA (µg/g)
Con	8	146.73 ± 18.03a	507.48 ± 59.18a
EN	10	260.37 ± 38.54b	733.51 ± 81.42b
PN	9	133.94 ± 21.47	489.38 ± 14.27
Sep	8	194.52 ± 39.31	511.89 ± 52.33

Data are expressed as mean ± SE;

^aP < 0.05 vs EN group;

^bP < 0.01 vs PN group; r = 0.998, P = 0.002, P < 0.003, there was a positive correlation in IgA level in blood plasma with that in intesti-nal mucosa.

Table 3 Dual sugar (lactulose/mannitol) test

Group	n	Rate of lactulose	Rate of mannitol	Ratio of L/M
Control	8	0.0097 ± 0.0027	0.0202 ± 0.0026	0.4789 ± 0.1001
EN	10	0.0213 ± 0.0035	0.0283 ± 0.0020	0.7981 ± 0.1559
PN	9	0.0981 ± 0.0374	0.0723 ± 0.0285	1.4494 ± 0.2670
Sep	8	0.1466 ± 0.0572	0.0361 ± 0.0089	4.0088 ± 0.8893b

Data are expressed as mean ± SE. Rate of lactulose (or mannitol): denotes the rate of lactulose (mannitol) amount excreted in urine with that gavaged; Ratio of L/M denotes the ratio of the above two rates.

^bP < 0.01 vs control, EN and PN groups.

Table 4 Examination of bacterial translocation

Group	n	MLN	Liver	PVB	RBT	Log10 TB ± SD
Control	8	3/8	0/8	0/8	12.5% (3/24)	0.5414 ± 0.288
EN	10	4/10	2/10	3/10	30.0% (9/30)	1.6444 ± 0.349
PN	9	5/9	4/9	4/9	48.15% (13/27)b	2.3279 ± 0.433b
Sep	8	6/8	7/8	7/8	83.33% (20/24)d	3.2815 ± 0.483d

Values are expressed as mean ± SE; MLN: Mesenteric lymph node; PVB: Portal venous blood; RBT: Rate of bacterial translocation; TB: Translocated bacteria; 3/8: Numerator rep-resents the positive samples of bacteria culture; denominator represents the number of animals enrolled.

^bP < 0.01 vs Control;

^dP < 0.01 vs control, EN and PN groups; r = 0.979, P = 0.021, P < 0.03, there was a positive correlation of rate of bacterial transloca-tion with the value of Log₁₀ translocated bacteria.