Chronic liver disease questionnaire: Translation and validation in Thais

Table 1 Clinical and demographic data

Characteristics	Normal	Chronic hepatitis	Cirrhosis	P-value
	(n = 50)	(n = 76)	(n = 74)
mean ± SD, yr	49.1 (8.5)	43.1 (12.6)	51.6 (8.9)	0.00
Men, n (%)	28 (56)	49 (64.5)	47 (63.5)	0.60
Married, n (%)	40 (81.6)	46 (62.2)	52 (81.3)	0.01
Education, n (%)1
≥ Bachelor degree	20 (40)	29 (39.2)	10 (15.6)	0.004
Career, n (%)1
- White collar	42 (91.3)	44 (69.8)	28 (50)	0.00
- Blue collar	1 (2.2)	4 (6.3)	9 (16)
- Unemployed	3 (6.5)	15 (23.8)	19 (34)
Financial burden	22 (44)	30 (40.5)	29 (45.3)	0.84
(+), n (%)1
Etiologies, n (%)
- Viral hepatitis		52 (68.4)	41 (55.4)
- Alcohol		4 (5.3)	20 (27)	0.00
- Viral hepatitis and alcohol		2 (2.6)	7 (9.5)
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease		11 (14.5)	2 (2.7)
- Others		7 (9.2)	4 (5.4)
Child-Pugh Classification, n (%)
- Child A			37 (50)
- Child B			26 (35)
- Child C			11 (15)

¹Incomplete data.

Table 2 Reliability of CLDQ

CLDQ domains	Mean score (SD)	Cronbach’s alpha (if item deleted)	Test-retest reliability
			Correlation coefficient	P-value
Abdominal symptoms	5.3 (1.3)	0.95	0.85	0.00
Fatigue	4.7 (1.2)	0.94	0.90	0.00
Systemic symptoms	5.3 (1.1)	0.94	0.77	0.00
Activity	5.3 (1.3)	0.94	0.68	0.00
Emotional function	5.2 (1.1)	0.94	0.80	0.00
Worry	5.3 (1.4)	0.94	0.78	0.00
Average CLDQ	5.2 (1.1)	0.93	0.88	0.00

Table 3 Discriminant validity among different groups of patients (mean ± SD)

CLDQ domains	Normal (n = 50)	Compensated group (n = 113)	Decompensated group (n = 37)	P-value
Abdominal symptoms	5.8 (1.2)	5.3 (1.1)	4.6 (1.6)	0.00
Fatigue	5.4 (1.0)	4.6 (1.1)	4.0 (1.4)	0.00
Systemic symptoms	5.9 (0.9)	5.2 (1.1)	4.7 (1.1)	0.00
Activity	5.9 (1.0)	5.4 (1.1)	4.4 (1.5)	0.00
Emotional function	5.7 (0.9)	5.1 (1.1)	4.8 (1.4)	0.001
Worry	6.3 (0.8)	5.2 (1.4)	4.4 (1.6)	0.00
Average CLDQ	5.8 (0.8)	5.2 (1.0)	4.5 (1.2)	0.00
SF-36 domains
Physical function	79.4 (14.0)	74.1 (20.2)	59.1 (21.5)	0.00
Role physical	79.5 (34.5)	59.3 (41.1)	34.5 (42.2)	0.00
Bodily pain	76.0 (14.3)	69.4 (22.8)	57.7 (23.8)	0.001
General health	68.6 (19.1)	51.3 (24.2)	42.0 (22.9)	0.00
Vitality	66.1 (14.2)	63.3 (16.3)	57.2 (14.7)	0.03
Social function	85.5 (16.6)	77.5 (20.0)	74.3 (22.0)	0.02
Role emotion	78.0 (36.0)	59.3 (42.9)	39.6 (45.7)	0.00
Mental health	75.2 (15.4)	69.5 (17.7)	65.7 (17.9)	0.03

Table 4 Correlations between CLDQ and SF-36

CLDQ domains	SF-36 domains
	Physical	Role	Bodily	General	Vitality	Social	Role	Mental
	function	physical	pain	health		function	emotion	health
Abdominal symptoms	0.281	0.321	0.481	0.491	0.451	0.351	0.381	0.531
Fatigue	0.441	0.521	0.491	0.611	0.581	0.541	0.631	0.591
Systemic symptoms	0.481	0.501	0.631	0.551	0.491	0.481	0.541	0.501
Activity	0.491	0.451	0.471	0.541	0.471	0.441	0.501	0.501
Emotional function	0.381	0.411	0.461	0.591	0.621	0.591	0.541	0.681
Worry	0.381	0.481	0.411	0.681	0.531	0.481	0.491	0.631
Average CLDQ	0.471	0.521	0.561	0.691	0.611	0.551	0.601	0.671

¹P = 0.01.