Epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A general population-based study in Xi’an of Northwest China

Table 1 The distribution of total score of main GERD symp-toms of responders (n = 2532)

Total score (St)	Responders (n)	Rate (%)
≤2	2102	83.02
≥3 (SGER)	430	16.98
3-7 (mild)	332	13.11
8-12 (moderate)	74	2.92
13-18 (severe)	24	0.95

Table 2 The prevalence of SGED in each age group

Age group (yr)	Responders (n)	Responderswith SGED (n)	Prevalenceof SGED (%)
< 20	64	9	14.06
20-29	517	73	14.12
30-39	621	106	17.07
40-49	584	100	17.12
50-59	360	77	21.39
60-69	354	60	16.95
70	32	5	15.63
18-70	2532	430	16.98

Table 3 The prevalence of respiratory, laryngopharyngeal, and odontostological diseases or symptoms in responders with and without SGER

Disease or symptom	Responders with SGER (n = 430)		Responders without SGER (n = 2102)		P value
	n	Rate (%)	n	Rate (%)
Pneumonia	12	2.79	15	0.73	< 0.01
Asthma	28	6.51	46	2.19	< 0.01
Bronchitis	66	15.35	187	8.90	< 0.01
Pharyngitis	35	8.14	82	3.90	< 0.01
Laryngitis	102	23.73	248	11.80	< 0.01
Chronic cough	92	21.40	232	11.04	< 0.01
Wheeze	33	7.67	80	3.80	< 0.01
Globus sensation	102	23.72	104	4.95	< 0.01
Oral ulcer	77	17.91	162	7.71	< 0.01
Snore	121	28.14	362	12.27	< 0.01

Table 4 Other common gastrointestinal symptoms in respond-ers with and without GERD

Symptom	Responders with SGER (n = 430)		Responders without SGER (n = 2102)		P value
	n	Rate (%)	n	Rate (%)
Pain behind breastbone	100	23.25	84	4.14	< 0.01
Dysphagia	24	5.58	20	0.95	< 0.01
Retching	164	38.14	228	10.85	< 0.01
Nausea	137	31.86	148	7.04	< 0.01
Vomiting	78	18.14	71	3.38	< 0.01
Epigastric discomfort	161	37.44	216	10.28	< 0.01
Epigastric fullness	201	46.74	303	14.41	< 0.01
Epigastric pain	122	28.37	147	6.99	< 0.01
Diarrhoea	59	13.72	102	5.07	< 0.01
Constipation	93	21.63	199	9.47	< 0.01

Table 5 The Association Between SGER and Selected Risk Factors

Selected risk factors	Factor exposure			Non-factor exposure			P value	OR1 (95%CI)
	Responders n	Responders with SGER n	Rate (%)	Responders n	Responders with SGER n	Rate (%)
Current smoking	992	189	19.05	1540	241	15.65	< 0.05	1.27 (1.17-1.38)
Heavy smoking	219	99	45.21	2313	320	13.84	< 0.01	4.94 (3.70-6.61)
Heavy alcohol use	74	26	35.14	2458	404	16.44	< 0.01	2.85 (1.67-4.49)
Peptic ulcer	59	31	52.54	2473	399	16.13	< 0.01	5.76 (3.99-8.32)
Abdominal operation	99	34	34.34	2433	396	16.28	< 0.01	2.69 (1.75-4.13)
Erebral palsy	18	8	44.44	2514	422	16.78	< 0.01	3.97 (1.97-8.00)
Obesity	139	41	29.50	2392	389	16.26	< 0.01	2.16 (1.47-3.16)
Over intake	614	129	21.01	1918	301	15.69	< 0.01	1.43 (1.17-1.75)
Sweet food	695	133	19.14	1837	297	16.17	> 0.05	1.23 (0.98-1.54)
Coffee	85	17	20.00	2447	413	16.88	> 0.05	1.230.76-2.00)
Tea	798	145	18.17	1734	285	16.44	> 0.05	1.13 (0.91-1.44)
Pepper food	1533	266	17.35	999	164	16.42	> 0.05	1.07 (0.86-1.32)
Fat intake	1065	181	17.00	1467	249	16.97	> 0.05	1.00 (0.81-1.23)

¹OR¨RR2.6: a strong association; OR = 1.7-2.5: a moderate association; OR = 1.2-1.6: a mild association; OR = 0.9-1.1: no association.