Clinical translation of bioartificial liver support systems with human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatic cells

Figure 2 Bioartificial liver system with human pluripotent stem cells-derived hepatic cells using double filtration plasmapheresis. In a bioartificial liver (BAL) system, patient plasma is first separated from whole blood by double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP). Plasma then perfuses a bioartificial device using hydrophilic hollow fibers. The human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs)-derived hepatic cells are inoculated at the outside of the hollow fibers. The detoxified patient plasma is filtered once more before returning to the patient’s blood stream. The hollow fiber membranes and safety filter provide two layers of separation between the patient’s blood stream and the hPSC-derived hepatic cells.