Portal vein ligation accelerates tumor growth in ligated, but not contralateral lobes

Figure 4 Effect of portal vein ligation on liver cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. To evaluate whether expression of relevant cytokines and growth factors are related to the growth of non-ligated lobes and/or the atrophy of ligated lobes, liver levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), and IL-1β were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Liver lysates were processed for ELISA. Data are mean ± SE with n = 4-15 per group. ^aP < 0.05 vs portal vein ligation (PVL)-non-ligated.