Published online Jun 21, 2009. doi: 10.3748/wjg.15.2933
Revised: May 16, 2009
Accepted: May 23, 2009
Published online: June 21, 2009
AIM: To analyze the MEDLINE-indexed publications in gastroenterology specialty journals from 2001 to 2007. Special attention was paid to specific types of articles, the number of publications for individual authors and the author count in each journal.
METHODS: The bibliographic entries of papers belonging to journals listed under the subject heading of “gastroenterology” were downloaded from MEDLINE on the PubMed web site. The analysis was limited to journal articles published between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2007. The analytical dimensions of an article included journal, publication year, publication type, and author name (the last name and initials).
RESULTS: According to MEDLINE, 81 561 articles were published in 91 gastroenterology journals from 2001 to 2007. The number of articles increased from 9447 in 2001 to 13 340 in 2007. Only 12 journals had more than 2000 articles indexed in MEDLINE. The “World Journal of Gastroenterology” had the largest number of publications (5684 articles), followed by “Hepato-Gastroenterology” (3036) and “Gastrointestinal Endoscopy” (3005). Of all the articles published, reviews accounted for 17.2% and case reports for 15.4%. Only 3739 randomized controlled trials (4.6% of all articles) were published and their annual number increased from 442 in 2001 to 572 in 2007. Among 141 741 author names appearing in the articles of gastroenterology journals, 92 429 had published only in one journal, 22 585 in two journals, 9996 in three journals, and 16 731 in more than three journals. The “World Journal of Gastroenterology” had the greatest number of authors (17 838), followed by “Gastroenterology” (12 770), “Digestive Diseases and Sciences” (11 395), “American Journal of Gastroenterology” (10 889), and “Hepatology” (10 588).
CONCLUSION: Global gastroenterology publications displayed a continuous growth in the new millennium. The change was most striking in certain journals. Regular bibliometric analyses on the trends and specific topics would help researchers publish more efficiently and allow editors to adjust the policy more accurately.
- Citation: Chou LF. Medline-based bibliometric analysis of gastroenterology journals between 2001 and 2007. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15(23): 2933-2939
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v15/i23/2933.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.15.2933
Gastroenterology is a highly competitive and productive field of medical research. Researchers in this field usually have a stronger need for bibliographic information than those in other fields. In the past few years, several bibliometric researches have been devoted to the global research trend[1], the research output in specific regions[23] and countries[4–6], and the share of author origins in specific journals[7–9] in gastroenterology. However, there still seemed to be a lack of a comparative overview of all gastroenterology specialty journals in the world.
The aim of the current study was to analyze the publications in gastroenterology journals in the new millennium, based on MEDLINE which is freely offered over the internet by the National Library of Medicine in the United States of America. Special attention was paid to specific types of articles, e.g. randomized controlled trials. Because researchers might not publish solely in one journal during a period of several years, a new analytical method was also proposed to calculate the share of authors publishing in only one journal among all authors in each journal. This new indicator may serve as another dimension to author origins in a journal.
The specialty journals of gastroenterology were limited to those listed under the subject heading of “gastroenterology” in MEDLINE. The master file of journals in MEDLINE was first downloaded (ftp://ftp.nlm.nih.gov/online/journals/lsi2008.xml, accessed on September 8, 2008) and a total of 141 gastroenterology journals were identified. Due to cessation of publication and name changes, not all journals were still available.
The bibliographic entries of papers belonging to selected journals were downloaded from MEDLINE on the PubMed web site (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/, accessed on September 8, 2008). The downloading consisted of journals with a Perl script. The retrieval was limited to papers published since 2001. The format type of the retrieval was MEDLINE.
One bibliographic record with the MEDLINE format contains pairs of tags and data, e.g. PMID-14647050 and AU-Lee SD, where PMID (PubMed unique identifier) and AU (author) are tags. Some types of tags, e.g. AU, PT (publication type) and MH (medical subject headings term), might appear more than once in one record. Some types of tags are not obligatory and might not be present in every record.
The downloaded datasets with MEDLINE format were merged and transformed into one single file with the structure of entity-attribute-value (EAV)[10] for further efficient processing, where entity stood for the PMID of a paper, attribute for the tag, and value for the data. For example, the pair “AU-Lee SD” in the paper of “PMID-14647050” would be converted into “14647050 [tab] AU [tab] Lee SD”.
From the EAV file, the numbers of papers in each journal during the years of coverage were first calculated. The processing was limited to papers categorized as “journal article” in the publication type field. In addition, only papers published between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2007 were included in this analysis.
The articles were also counted according to their publication type. An article might not contain only one publication type. For articles with the publication type of randomized controlled trial, their distribution in journals over the years was computed.
In computing the productivity of individual researchers in all gastroenterology journals, the methods of “total author counting”[11] was adopted. Each author of an article was recognized as having written one article, and then the number of articles authored or coauthored by each researcher during the 7-year period was counted.
Because an author’s full name has been indexed in MEDLINE since 2002 and one fifth of the original publications did not contain the full author name[12], authors in the current study were identified according to the conventional author indexing of MEDLINE, i.e. last name, up to two initials of first and middle names, and/or a suffix abbreviation. Different authors with the same last name and initials would not be specifically differentiated in aggregate statistics. However, the name ambiguity would be considered in listing the most prolific authors.
For each journal, the total number of authors who had published in the journal during the 7-year period was calculated as the denominator and then the number of authors who had never published in other gastroenterology journals during the 7-year period was computed as the numerator. The fractional number for each journal might suggest the breadth of author origins.
The programming scripts with Perl version 5.10.0 (http://www.perl.com/) were written for downloading and computing. As a popular computer language since the internet era, Perl belongs to the open source software and can be freely downloaded and distributed for use. The National Library of Medicine also provides examples of Perl scripts for use of Entrez programming utilities from PubMed.
Only descriptive statistics, frequency in count and percentage, were displayed.
According to MEDLINE, 81 561 articles were published in 91 gastroenterology journals from 2001 to 2007 (Table 1). The number of articles increased from 9447 in 2001 to 13 340 in 2007. The “World Journal of Gastroenterology” had the largest number of publications (5684 articles), followed by “Hepato-Gastroenterology” (3036) and “Gastrointestinal Endoscopy” (3005). Only 12 journals had more than 2000 articles indexed in MEDLINE. By comparing the situations in 2001 and in 2007, the “World Journal of Gastroenterology” had the highest growth rate of publications (5.0-fold increase), followed by “BMC Gastroenterology” (2.3-fold), “Revista de Gastroenterologia de Mexico” (2.2-fold), “International Journal of Colorectal Disease” (2.0-fold), and “Inflammatory Bowel Diseases” (2.0-fold). The highest absolute growth was also claimed by “World Journal of Gastroenterology” (867 more articles), followed by “Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology” (208), “Zhonghua Ganzangbing Zazhi (Chinese Journal of Hepatology)” (200), and “Digestive Diseases and Sciences” (180). In contrast, 21 journals had fewer publications in 2007 than in 2001.
Journal | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | Total |
Abdom Imaging | 126 | 117 | 147 | 116 | 119 | 146 | 126 | 897 |
Acta Gastroenterol Belg | 45 | 52 | 38 | 45 | 66 | 51 | 47 | 344 |
Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam | 34 | 17 | 30 | 16 | 27 | 52 | 49 | 225 |
Aliment Pharmacol Ther | 246 | 305 | 372 | 416 | 363 | 390 | 338 | 2430 |
Am J Gastroenterol | 543 | 466 | 425 | 338 | 363 | 383 | 340 | 2858 |
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol | 331 | 289 | 267 | 272 | 298 | 289 | 354 | 2100 |
Ann Hepatol | 30 | 29 | 29 | 48 | 56 | 47 | 239 | |
Arq Gastroenterol | 44 | 42 | 45 | 49 | 46 | 61 | 63 | 350 |
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol | 64 | 67 | 66 | 90 | 66 | 68 | 67 | 488 |
BMC Gastroenterol | 14 | 23 | 34 | 32 | 39 | 43 | 46 | 231 |
Can J Gastroenterol | 98 | 79 | 98 | 95 | 66 | 85 | 97 | 618 |
Chin J Dig Dis | 35 | 43 | 39 | 117 | ||||
Clin Colorectal Cancer | 27 | 31 | 34 | 43 | 60 | 54 | 49 | 298 |
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol | 62 | 153 | 219 | 231 | 275 | 940 | ||
Clin Liver Dis | 52 | 56 | 53 | 49 | 44 | 48 | 50 | 352 |
Colorectal Dis | 68 | 105 | 93 | 92 | 104 | 139 | 149 | 750 |
Curr Gastroenterol Rep | 81 | 70 | 79 | 77 | 76 | 71 | 80 | 534 |
Curr Issues Intest Microbiol | 5 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 5 | 47 |
Curr Opin Gastroenterol | 91 | 85 | 66 | 78 | 86 | 81 | 78 | 565 |
Dig Dis | 47 | 40 | 43 | 53 | 36 | 33 | 53 | 305 |
Dig Dis Sci | 390 | 415 | 345 | 324 | 406 | 376 | 570 | 2826 |
Dig Liver Dis | 129 | 172 | 174 | 166 | 153 | 176 | 200 | 1170 |
Dig Surg | 95 | 96 | 78 | 70 | 60 | 65 | 78 | 542 |
Digestion | 88 | 69 | 62 | 71 | 69 | 77 | 70 | 506 |
Dis Colon Rectum | 263 | 245 | 255 | 270 | 301 | 246 | 257 | 1837 |
Dis Esophagus | 63 | 68 | 75 | 66 | 80 | 91 | 92 | 535 |
Dysphagia | 37 | 42 | 36 | 35 | 42 | 40 | 43 | 275 |
Eat Weight Disord | 35 | 42 | 55 | 49 | 56 | 52 | 47 | 336 |
Eksp Klin Gastroenterol | 145 | 120 | 94 | 96 | 81 | 119 | 655 | |
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol | 263 | 222 | 212 | 217 | 217 | 216 | 192 | 1539 |
Gastric Cancer | 33 | 45 | 57 | 35 | 42 | 45 | 40 | 297 |
Gastroenterol Clin Biol | 196 | 195 | 185 | 213 | 172 | 190 | 177 | 1328 |
Gastroenterol Clin North Am | 54 | 74 | 54 | 59 | 46 | 49 | 51 | 387 |
Gastroenterol Hepatol | 89 | 90 | 87 | 109 | 95 | 142 | 84 | 696 |
Gastroenterol Nurs | 48 | 53 | 47 | 55 | 65 | 68 | 51 | 387 |
Gastroenterology | 361 | 437 | 402 | 468 | 428 | 439 | 456 | 2991 |
Gastrointest Endosc | 436 | 491 | 447 | 429 | 374 | 412 | 416 | 3005 |
Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am | 47 | 55 | 52 | 59 | 51 | 61 | 52 | 377 |
Gut | 322 | 406 | 348 | 346 | 342 | 320 | 299 | 2383 |
Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int | 128 | 121 | 128 | 120 | 115 | 114 | 726 | |
Hepatogastroenterology | 414 | 422 | 580 | 443 | 426 | 209 | 542 | 3036 |
Hepatology | 344 | 389 | 335 | 353 | 319 | 346 | 388 | 2474 |
Hernia | 47 | 44 | 50 | 84 | 86 | 104 | 98 | 513 |
Indian J Gastroenterol | 104 | 87 | 105 | 85 | 88 | 104 | 93 | 666 |
Inflamm Bowel Dis | 66 | 70 | 65 | 156 | 160 | 147 | 200 | 864 |
Int J Colorectal Dis | 63 | 64 | 86 | 89 | 74 | 123 | 191 | 690 |
Int J Gastrointest Cancer | 43 | 46 | 43 | 51 | 23 | 206 | ||
Int J Pancreatol | 25 | 25 | ||||||
J Clin Gastroenterol | 185 | 180 | 156 | 177 | 177 | 177 | 157 | 1209 |
J Dig Dis | 36 | 36 | ||||||
J Gastroenterol | 125 | 206 | 192 | 170 | 156 | 147 | 172 | 1168 |
J Gastroenterol Hepatol | 239 | 279 | 213 | 265 | 327 | 365 | 447 | 2135 |
J Gastrointest Surg | 100 | 127 | 140 | 161 | 175 | 195 | 258 | 1156 |
J Gastrointestin Liver Dis | 61 | 69 | 130 | |||||
J Health Popul Nutr | 32 | 45 | 43 | 47 | 44 | 57 | 56 | 324 |
J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg | 88 | 107 | 76 | 84 | 91 | 97 | 98 | 641 |
J Hepatol | 226 | 231 | 304 | 268 | 282 | 276 | 227 | 1814 |
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr | 256 | 268 | 207 | 234 | 273 | 244 | 219 | 1701 |
J Viral Hepat | 62 | 64 | 71 | 80 | 90 | 117 | 126 | 610 |
JOP | 55 | 18 | 24 | 68 | 69 | 79 | 87 | 400 |
Korean J Gastroenterol | 81 | 103 | 136 | 144 | 133 | 597 | ||
Korean J Hepatol | 41 | 51 | 57 | 59 | 208 | |||
Liver | 58 | 87 | 145 | |||||
Liver Int | 75 | 96 | 153 | 159 | 172 | 655 | ||
Liver Transpl | 184 | 186 | 234 | 256 | 225 | 297 | 281 | 1663 |
Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol | 27 | 42 | 32 | 35 | 29 | 41 | 36 | 242 |
Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol | 27 | 126 | 121 | 138 | 412 | |||
Neurogastroenterol Motil | 55 | 64 | 64 | 114 | 104 | 105 | 128 | 634 |
Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi | 127 | 155 | 141 | 112 | 130 | 120 | 144 | 929 |
Pancreas | 128 | 134 | 154 | 147 | 143 | 116 | 131 | 953 |
Pancreatology | 74 | 58 | 55 | 38 | 72 | 54 | 56 | 407 |
Rev Esp Enferm Dig | 57 | 61 | 73 | 99 | 89 | 91 | 110 | 580 |
Rev Gastroenterol Disord | 13 | 28 | 47 | 51 | 35 | 27 | 32 | 233 |
Rev Gastroenterol Mex | 31 | 83 | 66 | 82 | 105 | 88 | 99 | 554 |
Rev Gastroenterol Peru | 34 | 32 | 34 | 35 | 39 | 39 | 46 | 259 |
Rom J Gastroenterol | 48 | 47 | 50 | 63 | 208 | |||
Ross Gastroenterol Zh | 29 | 29 | ||||||
Scand J Gastroenterol | 218 | 235 | 209 | 222 | 219 | 210 | 235 | 1548 |
Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl | 16 | 18 | 30 | 15 | 25 | 104 | ||
Semin Gastrointest Dis | 26 | 23 | 23 | 72 | ||||
Semin Liver Dis | 43 | 41 | 44 | 60 | 47 | 39 | 38 | 312 |
Surg Endosc | 376 | 454 | 505 | 393 | 292 | 362 | 463 | 2845 |
Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech | 86 | 89 | 90 | 80 | 92 | 107 | 144 | 688 |
Taehan Kan Hakhoe Chi | 67 | 42 | 109 | |||||
Tech Coloproctol | 41 | 43 | 39 | 130 | 54 | 67 | 59 | 433 |
Trop Gastroenterol | 65 | 66 | 59 | 55 | 56 | 43 | 51 | 395 |
Turk J Gastroenterol | 48 | 59 | 58 | 53 | 65 | 49 | 332 | |
World J Gastroenterol | 172 | 236 | 632 | 812 | 1478 | 1315 | 1039 | 5684 |
Z Gastroenterol | 134 | 156 | 127 | 115 | 90 | 90 | 93 | 805 |
Zhonghua Ganzangbing Zazhi | 114 | 193 | 325 | 325 | 341 | 308 | 314 | 1920 |
Zhonghua Weichang Waike Zazhi | 109 | 108 | 105 | 322 | ||||
Total | 9447 | 10 663 | 11 178 | 11 663 | 12 610 | 12 660 | 13 340 | 81 561 |
As to the publication type of these articles, reviews accounted for 17.2% (14 005 articles) of all articles from 2001 to 2007 and case reports 15.4% (12 539) (Table 2). There were only 3739 randomized controlled trials (4.6% of all articles) among 4627 clinical trials (5.7%). The annual number of randomized controlled trials increased from 442 in 2001 to 572 in 2007. Randomized controlled trials were most frequently published in “Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics” (536 articles), followed by “American Journal of Gastroenterology” (278), “Gastrointestinal Endoscopy” (186), “Surgical Endoscopy” (183), “World Journal of Gastroenterology” (176), and “Gastroenterology” (171). Among these journals, the “World Journal of Gastroenterology” had the greatest increase in randomized controlled trials: from 5 in 2001 to 34 in 2007 (detailed data not shown in tables).
Journal | No. of all articles | Review | Case report | Clinical trial | Multicenter study | Randomized controlled trial | No. of authors | No. of exclusive authors1 | Share of exclusive authors1 (%) |
Abdom Imaging | 897 | 184 | 310 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 3094 | 1360 | 44.0 |
Acta Gastroenterol Belg | 344 | 137 | 92 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1113 | 435 | 39.1 |
Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam | 225 | 36 | 52 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 815 | 542 | 66.5 |
Aliment Pharmacol Ther | 2430 | 674 | 10 | 556 | 273 | 536 | 8177 | 2108 | 25.8 |
Am J Gastroenterol | 2858 | 302 | 169 | 279 | 150 | 278 | 10 889 | 2753 | 25.3 |
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol | 2100 | 126 | 55 | 27 | 7045 | 2689 | 38.2 | ||
Ann Hepatol | 239 | 89 | 58 | 10 | 2 | 7 | 705 | 332 | 47.1 |
Arq Gastroenterol | 350 | 34 | 21 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 1067 | 689 | 64.6 |
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol | 488 | 459 | 6 | 1145 | 341 | 29.8 | |||
BMC Gastroenterol | 231 | 6 | 47 | 12 | 6 | 13 | 934 | 164 | 17.6 |
Can J Gastroenterol | 618 | 187 | 137 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 1579 | 556 | 35.2 |
Chin J Dig Dis | 117 | 23 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 400 | 71 | 17.8 | |
Clin Colorectal Cancer | 298 | 130 | 25 | 25 | 17 | 14 | 910 | 552 | 60.7 |
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol | 940 | 153 | 198 | 64 | 76 | 89 | 4079 | 918 | 22.5 |
Clin Liver Dis | 352 | 349 | 1 | 522 | 78 | 14.9 | |||
Colorectal Dis | 750 | 91 | 11 | 32 | 14 | 33 | 2202 | 895 | 40.6 |
Curr Gastroenterol Rep | 534 | 418 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 791 | 139 | 17.6 |
Curr Issues Intest Microbiol | 47 | 24 | 133 | 81 | 60.9 | ||||
Curr Opin Gastroenterol | 565 | 245 | 735 | 144 | 19.6 | ||||
Dig Dis | 305 | 202 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 8 | 852 | 128 | 15.0 |
Dig Dis Sci | 2826 | 183 | 649 | 148 | 58 | 135 | 11 395 | 3418 | 30.0 |
Dig Liver Dis | 1170 | 239 | 146 | 78 | 45 | 56 | 4634 | 1270 | 27.4 |
Dig Surg | 542 | 96 | 148 | 9 | 3 | 13 | 1997 | 514 | 25.7 |
Digestion | 506 | 106 | 45 | 49 | 28 | 41 | 2332 | 483 | 20.7 |
Dis Colon Rectum | 1837 | 130 | 256 | 219 | 57 | 143 | 6506 | 2349 | 36.1 |
Dis Esophagus | 535 | 71 | 145 | 21 | 7 | 15 | 2226 | 709 | 31.9 |
Dysphagia | 275 | 16 | 33 | 13 | 1 | 6 | 850 | 579 | 68.1 |
Eat Weight Disord | 336 | 35 | 21 | 17 | 5 | 14 | 1070 | 867 | 81.0 |
Eksp Klin Gastroenterol | 655 | 138 | 23 | 76 | 1 | 18 | 984 | 940 | 95.5 |
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol | 1539 | 315 | 378 | 83 | 93 | 87 | 6606 | 1966 | 29.8 |
Gastric Cancer | 297 | 40 | 54 | 30 | 9 | 7 | 1301 | 249 | 19.1 |
Gastroenterol Clin Biol | 1328 | 603 | 326 | 35 | 36 | 16 | 3188 | 1623 | 50.9 |
Gastroenterol Clin North Am | 387 | 373 | 3 | 614 | 107 | 17.4 | |||
Gastroenterol Hepatol | 696 | 229 | 184 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 2259 | 1235 | 54.7 |
Gastroenterol Nurs | 387 | 114 | 29 | 12 | 1 | 9 | 430 | 293 | 68.1 |
Gastroenterology | 2991 | 352 | 205 | 169 | 106 | 171 | 12 770 | 4003 | 31.3 |
Gastrointest Endosc | 3005 | 220 | 1275 | 230 | 100 | 186 | 8547 | 2426 | 28.4 |
Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am | 377 | 338 | 2 | 581 | 87 | 15.0 | |||
Gut | 2383 | 343 | 227 | 132 | 139 | 144 | 9785 | 2612 | 26.7 |
Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int | 726 | 64 | 67 | 40 | 9 | 20 | 2128 | 464 | 21.8 |
Hepatogastroenterology | 3036 | 145 | 654 | 155 | 31 | 100 | 9648 | 2952 | 30.6 |
Hepatology | 2474 | 211 | 15 | 148 | 105 | 131 | 10 588 | 3502 | 33.1 |
Hernia | 513 | 60 | 151 | 20 | 18 | 32 | 1627 | 822 | 50.5 |
Indian J Gastroenterol | 666 | 66 | 355 | 16 | 2 | 17 | 1791 | 893 | 49.9 |
Inflamm Bowel Dis | 864 | 158 | 37 | 43 | 34 | 31 | 3266 | 854 | 26.1 |
Int J Colorectal Dis | 690 | 63 | 74 | 57 | 21 | 40 | 3249 | 930 | 28.6 |
Int J Gastrointest Cancer | 206 | 36 | 52 | 14 | 2 | 968 | 279 | 28.8 | |
Int J Pancreatol | 25 | 3 | 9 | 137 | 9 | 6.6 | |||
J Clin Gastroenterol | 1209 | 320 | 241 | 59 | 31 | 56 | 4326 | 1192 | 27.6 |
J Dig Dis | 36 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 160 | 29 | 18.1 |
J Gastroenterol | 1168 | 219 | 299 | 45 | 24 | 29 | 4429 | 734 | 16.6 |
J Gastroenterol Hepatol | 2135 | 274 | 351 | 93 | 37 | 91 | 7661 | 1672 | 21.8 |
J Gastrointest Surg | 1156 | 114 | 132 | 23 | 16 | 24 | 4329 | 1476 | 34.1 |
J Gastrointestin Liver Dis | 130 | 22 | 41 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 484 | 216 | 44.6 |
J Health Popul Nutr | 324 | 16 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 16 | 1185 | 924 | 78.0 |
J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg | 641 | 142 | 207 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 2345 | 427 | 18.2 |
J Hepatol | 1814 | 259 | 114 | 120 | 56 | 81 | 8036 | 2200 | 27.4 |
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr | 1701 | 257 | 389 | 93 | 36 | 119 | 5894 | 3239 | 55.0 |
J Viral Hepat | 610 | 74 | 16 | 81 | 48 | 56 | 3255 | 887 | 27.3 |
JOP | 400 | 124 | 168 | 7 | 2 | 1396 | 473 | 33.9 | |
Korean J Gastroenterol | 597 | 65 | 128 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 1249 | 372 | 29.8 |
Korean J Hepatol | 208 | 25 | 28 | 2 | 3 | 585 | 89 | 15.2 | |
Liver | 145 | 14 | 20 | 14 | 1 | 5 | 759 | 164 | 21.6 |
Liver Int | 655 | 68 | 38 | 39 | 16 | 19 | 3613 | 751 | 20.8 |
Liver Transpl | 1663 | 223 | 261 | 72 | 43 | 49 | 5517 | 2025 | 36.7 |
Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol | 242 | 87 | 15 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 788 | 284 | 36.0 |
Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol | 412 | 128 | 35 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 693 | 91 | 13.1 |
Neurogastroenterol Motil | 634 | 111 | 5 | 52 | 5 | 39 | 1874 | 478 | 25.5 |
Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi | 929 | 326 | 594 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3464 | 856 | 24.7 |
Pancreas | 953 | 60 | 109 | 35 | 16 | 9 | 3966 | 1144 | 28.8 |
Pancreatology | 407 | 108 | 55 | 16 | 5 | 2 | 1627 | 399 | 24.5 |
Rev Esp Enferm Dig | 580 | 80 | 145 | 28 | 5 | 13 | 2185 | 1234 | 56.5 |
Rev Gastroenterol Disord | 233 | 154 | 4 | 124 | 10 | 8.1 | |||
Rev Gastroenterol Mex | 554 | 204 | 112 | 15 | 8 | 1224 | 972 | 79.4 | |
Rev Gastroenterol Peru | 259 | 50 | 74 | 8 | 6 | 824 | 692 | 84.0 | |
Rom J Gastroenterol | 208 | 51 | 66 | 24 | 5 | 4 | 590 | 318 | 53.9 |
Ross Gastroenterol Zh | 29 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 90 | 44 | 48.9 | ||
Scand J Gastroenterol | 1548 | 80 | 128 | 151 | 65 | 120 | 6465 | 1817 | 28.1 |
Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl | 104 | 92 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 270 | 28 | 10.4 | |
Semin Gastrointest Dis | 72 | 64 | 43 | 121 | 11 | 9.1 | |||
Semin Liver Dis | 312 | 264 | 29 | 2 | 598 | 80 | 13.4 | ||
Surg Endosc | 2845 | 229 | 430 | 203 | 73 | 183 | 9117 | 4404 | 48.3 |
Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech | 688 | 45 | 318 | 23 | 4 | 24 | 2523 | 871 | 34.5 |
Taehan Kan Hakhoe Chi | 109 | 4 | 30 | 4 | 2 | 417 | 61 | 14.6 | |
Tech Coloproctol | 433 | 53 | 82 | 26 | 14 | 23 | 1283 | 500 | 39.0 |
Trop Gastroenterol | 395 | 84 | 166 | 11 | 1 | 7 | 929 | 440 | 47.4 |
Turk J Gastroenterol | 332 | 11 | 87 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 1096 | 460 | 42.0 |
World J Gastroenterol | 5684 | 584 | 637 | 338 | 46 | 176 | 17 838 | 6839 | 38.3 |
Z Gastroenterol | 805 | 198 | 193 | 39 | 14 | 14 | 1917 | 737 | 38.4 |
Zhonghua Ganzangbing Zazhi | 1920 | 95 | 33 | 34 | 11 | 34 | 3693 | 1117 | 30.2 |
Zhonghua Weichang Waike Zazhi | 322 | 1096 | 262 | 23.9 | |||||
Total | 81 561 | 14 005 | 12539 | 4627 | 2090 | 3739 | 14 1741 | 92 429 | 65.2 |
If only the last name and initials of the authors were considered, 141 741 author names appeared in the articles of gastroenterology journals from 2001 to 2007. The “World Journal of Gastroenterology” had the greatest number of authors (17 838), followed by “Gastroenterology” (12 770), “Digestive Diseases and Sciences” (11 395), “American Journal of Gastroenterology” (10 889), and “Hepatology” (10 588) (Table 2). Among all authors, 82 174 had published only one article, 22 192 two articles, 10 672 three articles, and 26 703 more than three articles. On the other hand, 92 429 authors had published only in one journal, 22 585 in two journals, 9996 in three journals, and 16 731 in more than three journals. The share of authors publishing only in one journal among all authors of the journal was generally higher in journals with apparently narrower research fields or locality, e.g. “Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Gastroenterologiia (Experimental & Clinical Gastroenterology)” (95.5%), “Revista de Gastroenterologia del Peru” (84.0%), “Eating and Weight Disorders” (81.0%), “Revista de Gastroenterologia de Mexico” (79.4%), and “Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition” (78.0%) (Table 2).
The top 10 prolific researchers in these gastroenterology journals are listed in Table 3. They were from seven institutions in six countries: three in the USA, four in Europe, and three in Asia. Only two of the top-ranked researchers were surgeons (Masatoshi Makuuchi and Markus W Buchler).
Author | Affiliation | No. of articles |
Nicholas J Talley | Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA | 205 |
Michael P Manns | Hannover Medical School, Germany | 170 |
Peter Malfertheiner | University of Magdeburg, Germany | 166 |
Todd H Baron | Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA | 165 |
Masatoshi Makuuchi | University of Tokyo, Japan | 163 |
Markus W Buchler | University of Heidelberg, Germany | 160 |
Shou-Dong Lee | Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, China | 155 |
Giovanni Gasbarrini | Catholic University of Rome, Italy | 147 |
William J Sandborn | Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA | 141 |
Full-Young Chang | Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, China | 140 |
The current study demonstrated the most recent trend in publications from gastroenterology specialty journals worldwide. Gastroenterology publications have continued to prosper in the new millennium, not merely due to the expanded coverage of MEDLINE or the growth of a single journal. The number of randomized controlled trials has also increased, but their growth rate has slightly lagged behind that of other articles. Numerous researchers participated in gastroenterology publications; a substantial number of the authors were active in research and had multiple publications. Gastroenterology journals thus showed diverse authorships in which many authors of a journal also published in other specialty journals.
The current study chose MEDLINE as the data source because of its open access and international visibility. To compare the “quality” of scientific publications, people have adopted the controversial citation statistics and “impact factor” in recent years. Because the quantity of citations has increased tremendously and the databank of citations is not freely open to the public, the monopolized data from the black box cannot be extensively verified. Normally, most researchers just need a quick orientation in the field of interest, e.g. the features of journals, the most prolific authors or facilities, or the hottest subjects. Such requests can be easily satisfied by free MEDLINE after processing, without resorting to commercial databases which most individual researchers around the world can hardly afford.
Despite collective growth since 2001, the increases and decreases in individual gastroenterology journals could be observed. Among all journals, the “World Journal of Gastroenterology” was most striking. Not only had it published the greatest number of articles since 2003, but it had also attracted the most authors. Along with quantitative growth, the “World Journal of Gastroenterology” also had more randomized controlled trials. According to an earlier bibliometric analysis on the “World Journal of Gastroenterology”, the author origins of the Journal had become more diverse by geographic distribution since 2003. From the analysis in the current study, the majority of authors in the “World Journal of Gastroenterology” did not only publish in this Journal during the study period. Both of these facts indicated that the “World Journal of Gastroenterology” had established its position in international gastroenterology publications.
The global research community has frequent fervent disputes about the quality of journal articles[13]. There appears to be a growing discontent about the misuse of the impact factor in hiring, promoting and grant-awarding. Researchers usually consider several factors when choosing a journal to publish their research results. A research article should be judged by its content, and not merely by the journal in which it was published. That is, the impact of an individual article should not be evaluated by the journal impact factor. The function of the academic journal as an effective platform for scientific communication can never be overestimated. Time will show which editorial team acts best.
The major limitation in the current study was the separation of distinct authors. The ambiguity of author names is an unresolved problem of bibliometric research[14]. Although MEDLINE started to index full author names in 2002, the problem still remains. Not every journal print author names in full. Besides, not every author spells their forename consistently in different articles. For example, Buchler MW appeared as Markus W Buchler, Markus-W Buchler, and Markus Wolfgang Buchler. Most cases of ambiguity existed in authors of East Asian origin. Because of homonymous features in Chinese/Japanese/Korean characters, a lot of distinct authors might share the same full name spelled in Latin letters. Therefore, the share of exclusive authors (never publishing in other journals) in each journal in the current study represented only the lowest estimate.
In conclusion, global gastroenterology publications demonstrated a continuous growth in the new millennium. The change was most striking in certain journals. Regular bibliometric analyses on the trends and specific topics would help researchers publish more efficiently and allow editors to adjust the policy more accurately.
1. | Lewison G, Grant J, Jansen P. International gastroenterology research: subject areas, impact, and funding. Gut. 2001;49:295-302. [Cited in This Article: ] |
2. | Sorrentino D, De Biase F, Trevisi A, Bartoli E. Scientific publications in gastroenterology and hepatology in Western Europe, USA and Japan in the years 1992-1996: a global survey. Digestion. 2000;61:77-83. [Cited in This Article: ] |
3. | Gao R, Liao Z, Li ZS. Scientific publications in gastroenterology and hepatology journals from Chinese authors in various parts of North Asia: 10-year survey of literature. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;23:374-378. [Cited in This Article: ] |
4. | Lewison G. Gastroenterology research in the United Kingdom: funding sources and impact. Gut. 1998;43:288-293. [Cited in This Article: ] |
5. | Maeda K, Rahman M, Fukui T. Japan's contribution to clinical research in gastroenterology and hepatology. J Gastroenterol. 2003;38:816-819. [Cited in This Article: ] |
6. | Chen TJ, Chen YC, Hwang SJ, Chou LF. The rise of China in gastroenterology? A bibliometric analysis of ISI and Medline databases. Scientometrics. 2006;69:539-549. [Cited in This Article: ] |
7. | Hart PA, Ibdah JA, Marshall JB. Internationalisation of high-impact gastroenterology journals, 1970-2005. Gut. 2007;56:895-896. [Cited in This Article: ] |
8. | Yang H, Zhao YY. Variations of author origins in World Journal of Gastroenterology during 2001-2007. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14:3108-3111. [Cited in This Article: ] |
9. | Cappell MS, Davis M. A significant decline in the American domination of research in gastroenterology with increasing globalization from 1980 to 2005: an analysis of American authorship among 8,251 articles. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:1065-1074. [Cited in This Article: ] |
10. | Nadkarni PM, Brandt C. Data extraction and ad hoc query of an entity-attribute-value database. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 1998;5:511-527. [Cited in This Article: ] |
11. | Egghe L, Rousseau R, van Hooydonk G. Methods for accrediting publications to authors or countries: Consequences for evaluation studies. J Am Soc Inf Sci. 2000;51:145-157. [Cited in This Article: ] |
12. | Nahin AM. Full author searching comes to PubMed®. NLM Tech Bull. 2005;e4 Available from: URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/techbull/mj05/mj05_full_author.html. [Cited in This Article: ] |
14. | Scoville CL, Johnson ED, McConnell AL. When A. Rose is not A. Rose: the vagaries of author searching. Med Ref Serv Q. 2003;22:1-11. [Cited in This Article: ] |