Clinical Trials Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastroenterol. Jan 21, 2025; 31(3): 99833
Published online Jan 21, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i3.99833
Figure 1
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Figure 1 Research flowchart. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; peg-IFN-α: Pegylated interferon-alpha; HBeAg: Hepatitis Be antigen; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HDV: Hepatitis D virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.
Figure 2
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Figure 2 Frequency of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells expressing C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 and programmed death-ligand 1 in a single chronic hepatitis B patient at baseline. A: Frequency of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5)+CD8+ T cells; B: Frequency of CXCR5+CD4+ T cells; C: Frequency of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) +CD8+ T cells; D: Frequency of PD-L1+CD4+ T cells. CXCR5: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5; PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1.
Figure 3
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Figure 3 Comparison of immune markers and interleukin-21 concentration between healthy controls and chronic hepatitis B patients at baseline. A: Frequency of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)+ cells; B: Frequency of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5)+ cells; C: Frequency of PD-L1+CD8+ T cells; D: Frequency of CXCR5+CD8+ T cells; E: Interleukin-21 concentration; F: Frequency of PD-L1+CD4+ T cells; G: Frequency of CXCR5+CD4+ T cells. CXCR5: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5; PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1; IL-21: Interleukin-21.
Figure 4
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Figure 4 Dynamic changes of various markers over time. A: Hepatitis B virus DNA levels; B: HBsAg levels; C: Hepatitis Be antigen; D: Frequency of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5+CD8+ cells; E: Interleukin-21 concentration; F: Programmed death-ligand 1 expression. SR: Serologic response; NSR: Non-serologic response; HBeAg: Hepatitis Be antigen; IL-21: Interleukin-21; CXCR5: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5; PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1.
Figure 5
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Figure 5 Comparison of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 and programmed death-ligand 1 expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD8+ lymphocytes between the serologic response and non-serologic response groups at different time points. A: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs); B: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on PBMCs; C: CXCR5 expression on CD8+ lymphocytes; D: PD-L1 expression on CD8+ lymphocytes. SR: Serologic response; NSR: Non-serologic response; CXCR5: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5; PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1.