Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-related gastritis: The mechanisms of signalling pathway regulations

Figure 1 The approach of traditional Chinese medicine therapy for Helicobacter pylori-related gastritis. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; CagA: Cytotoxin-associated gene A; VacA: Vacuolating cytotoxin A.

Figure 2 The signalling pathways of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-related gastritis. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT: Protein kinase B; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; TGF: Transforming growth factor; JAK: Janus activated kinase; STAT: Signal transducer and activator of transcription; TAZ: Transcriptional coactivator with the PDZ-binding motif; Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; HO-1: Heme oxygenase 1; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; ARE: Antioxidant response element; GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; CAT: Catalase; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; HSP70: Heat shock protein70.