Prevalence and associated risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in community households in Lanzhou city

Figure 1 Flow chart of household and individual enrolment processes. An infected household is defined as a household with at least one Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infected family member. The new infection of H. pylori occurred in individuals who were not infected in 2021 but were infected in 2023.

Figure 2 Individual and household Helicobacter pylori infection rates. A: Individual and household Helicobacter pylori infection rates in 2021 and 2023; B: Proportion of households with different numbers of infected family members.