Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with anti-angiogenesis agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and meta-analysis

Figure 1 A patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus who has received triple therapy and reached complete response according to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and the tumor thrombus has shrank completely. A-C: Images taken before treatment; D-F: Images taken at 1 month after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy; G-I: Images taken at the latest follow-up. A, D and G is arterial phase in the axial view. B, E and H is venous phase in the axial view. C, F and I is venous phase in the coronal view. The arrow denotes the tumor thrombus. R: Right; RF: Right foot; L: Left; LH: Left head.

Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier curves of progression-free survival and overall survival in the triple therapy group and angiogenesis inhibitors and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 blockers group. A: Prior to propensity score matching (PSM), median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.1 vs 6.0 mo, P < 0.001; B: Prior to PSM, median overall survival (OS) was not reached vs 11.8 mo, P < 0.001; C: Following PSM, median PFS was 12.5 vs 7.8 mo, P = 0.036; D: Following PSM, median OS was 31.6 vs 14.6 mo, P < 0.001. triple therapy: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy plus angiogenesis inhibitors and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 blockers; AIPB: Angiogenesis inhibitors and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 blockers.

Figure 3 Forest plots of Cox regression analysis. A: The results of univariatable Cox regression in the triple therapy group prior to propensity score matching (PSM); B: The results of multivariable Cox regression in the triple therapy group prior to PSM; C: Subgroup analysis of overall survival after PSM. HR: Hazard ratio; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; Inf: Infinite; EHM: Extrahepatic metastasis; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; triple therapy: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy plus angiogenesis inhibitors and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 blockers; AIPB: Angiogenesis inhibitors and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 blockers; HAIC: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy.