Minireviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 14, 2023; 29(6): 1054-1075
Published online Feb 14, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i6.1054
Figure 1
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 1 Etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. FLD: Fatty liver disease; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.
Figure 2
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 2 Current immunotherapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; CAR-T: Chimeric antigen receptors engineered T cell; CTLA4: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4; IFN: Interferon-alpha; IL-2: Interleukin-2; NK: Natural killer; PD-1: Programmed cell death-1; PD-L1: Programmed cell death-ligand 1.
Figure 3
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 3 Immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma. CTLA4: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4; PD-1: Programmed cell death-1; PD-L1: Programmed cell death-ligand 1.
Figure 4
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 4 Schematic representation of T cell receptor engineered T cells and chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) engineered T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; CAR-T: Chimeric antigen receptors engineered T cell; MAGE: Melanoma-associated antigen; MHC: Major histocompatibility complex; TAA: Tumor-associated antigens; TCR: T cell receptor.