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©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastroenterol. Jun 7, 2023; 29(21): 3280-3291
Published online Jun 7, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i21.3280
Published online Jun 7, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i21.3280
Figure 1 The weight-loss and anti-diabetic effects of sleeve gastrectomy.
A: Body weight; B: Food intake; C: Body weight gain after surgery; D: The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) curves; E: Area under the curve for OGTT curves of SHAM and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) group at week 12 postoperation. aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01, cP < 0.001; SG vs SHAM group. SG: Sleeve gastrectomy.
Figure 2 Sleeve gastrectomy increased the bile acids levels and hepatic glycogen content.
A: The concentration of total bile acid; B and C: The levels of chenodeoxycholic acid, DCA, lithocholic acid, and cholic acid in serum and portal vein, respectively; D: The glycogen content in liver at week 12 postoperation in SHAM and SG group. aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01, cP < 0.001; SG vs SHAM group. BA: Bile acid; TBA: Total bile acid; SG: Sleeve gastrectomy; CDCA: Chenodeoxycholic acid; LCA: Lithocholic acid; CA: Cholic acid.
Figure 3 Sleeve gastrectomy promoted fibroblast growth factor 15, fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 expression and hepatic glycogen synthesis.
A and D: The result of immune-histochemistry staining for ileal fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15; B and E: The result of Periodic Acid-Schiff staining for glycogen in hepatocytes; C and F: Immune-histochemistry staining of hepatic FGF receptor 4 in SHAM and sleeve gastrectomy group at week 12 postoperation. Scale bar: 100 μm. SG: Sleeve gastrectomy; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; FGFR4: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4.
Figure 4 Farnesoid X receptor- fibroblast growth factor 15-fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 were stimulated and hepatic gluconeo genesis were depressed after sleeve gastrectomy.
The mRNA relative expression of ileal fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15, farnesoid X receptor, and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 in SHAM and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) group at week 12 postoperation. aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01, cP < 0.001, SG vs SHAM group. SG: Sleeve gastrectomy; FXR: Farnesoid X receptor; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; FGFR4: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4; Pepck: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; G6Pase: Glucose-6-phosphatase.
Figure 5 Sleeve gastrectomy regulated activities of the corresponding pathways of fibroblast growth factor 15.
Western blotting for expression of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), p-ERK, cAMP regulatory element-binding protein (CREB), p-CREB, glycogen synthase (GS), p-GS, and proliferator-activated receptor 𝛾 coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in the liver of both SHAM and sleeve gastrectomy group at week 12 postoperation. PGC-1α: Proliferator-activated receptor 𝛾 coactivator-1α; ERK: Extracellular signal regulated kinase; CREB: cAMP regulatory element-binding protein; GS: Glycogen synthase; SG: Sleeve gastrectomy.
- Citation: Wei M, Cao WB, Zhao RD, Sun DP, Liang YZ, Huang YD, Cheng ZW, Ouyang J, Yang WS, Yu WB. Fibroblast growth factor 15, induced by elevated bile acids, mediates the improvement of hepatic glucose metabolism after sleeve gastrectomy. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(21): 3280-3291
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v29/i21/3280.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v29.i21.3280