BanXiaXieXin decoction treating gastritis mice with drug-resistant Helicobacter pylori and its mechanism

Figure 1 Therapeutic effects of BanXiaXieXin decoction aqueous extract on mice with Helicobacter pylori-resistant acute gastritis. A: The amount of Helicobacter pylori colonization in model mice infected with drug-resistant strains; B: The expression of inflammatory factor IL-1β in model mice; C: The expression of inflammatory factor IL-6 in model mice; D: The expression of inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-alpha in model mice; E: The gastric mucosa injury and the expressions of apoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Bax, × 200. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001; OPZ: Omeprazole; AC: Amoxicillin clarithromycin; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline.

Figure 2 Immunobactericidal effects of BanXiaXieXin decoction aqueous extract on mice. A: Lymphocyte expression; B: CD3T cell expression; C: CD4T and CD8T cell expression; D: TH1 and TH2 expression; E: CD3T to lymphocyte ratio; F: CD4T to lymphocyte ratio; G: CD8T to lymphocyte ratio; H: CD4T /CD8T ratio. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001.

Figure 3 Detection of changes of Helicobacter pylori after 8 h treatment with BanXiaXieXin decoction using an electron microscopy, transcriptome, and proteome analyses. A: Observation of changes of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) using an electron microscope; B: The number of significantly differential genes in the transcriptome; C: Significantly differential genes concentrating in the GO enrichment pathway in the transcriptome; D: The epithelial cell signaling in H. pylori infection; E: The number of significantly differential genes in the proteome; F: Significantly differential genes concentrating in the GO enrichment pathway in the proteome. BXXXT: BanXiaXieXin decoction; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline.

Figure 4 Main targets of BanXiaXieXin decoction aqueous extract action. A: mRNA expression of cagA; B: mRNA expression of VacA; C: Protein expression of CagA and VacA; D: Quantitative expressions of CagA and VacA proteins; E: Mutant strain CFAs with a low urease expression; F: Changes of minimum inhibitory concentration of BXXXT against mutant strains with a low expression of urease. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001; NS: Not significant. BXXXT: BanXiaXieXin decoction; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline.