Sex-based differences in histology, staging, and prognosis among 2983 gastric cancer surgery patients

Figure 1 Study flow chart of patient enrollment and exclusion process. GC: Gastric cancer.

Figure 2 Proportion of histological types of gastric cancer according to sex and age. The trend of an increasing proportion of intestinal-type cancers with increasing age was observed in both males and females. In males, the proportion of intestinal-type cancer increased steeply from an age of 50 years. In females, the proportion of diffuse-type cancer remained high until 60 years of age. The ratio of intestinal- and diffuse-type gastric cancer in females became similar to that of male patients aged 70 years or older, about 20 years after menopause.

Figure 3 Survival according to sex and initial cancer stage. (A) Overall and (B) gastric cancer–specific survival. A statistically significant female predominance in overall survival was identified (P < 0.001), while a non-significant male predominance was identified in gastric cancer-specific survival. P values were calculated using the log-rank test.

Figure 4 Gastric cancer-specific survival in (A) stage I, (B) stage II, and (C) stage above III. There were no significant differences between males and females in stages I and II, but a statistically significant male predominance was observed in advanced-stage cancer (stage III or above, P = 0.045). P values were calculated using the log-rank test.