Is precision medicine for colorectal liver metastases still a utopia? New perspectives by modern biomarkers, radiomics, and artificial intelligence

Figure 1 Available biomarkers for patients affected by colorectal liver metastases. A biomarker is defined as any parameter (molecular, cellular, clinical, imaging or identified by an artificial intelligence process) having a clinical role in narrowing or guiding treatment decisions and contributing to the estimation of the overall patient prognosis (prognostic biomarker), the clinical outcome after a treatment (predictive biomarker), or the properties of a clinical condition /disease (diagnostic biomarker).

Figure 2 Future developments in the treatment planning for patients with colorectal liver metastases based on radiomics, big data, and artificial intelligence.