Novel management indications for conservative treatment of chylous ascites after gastric cancer surgery

Figure 1 Flowchart of study included patients. ¹Include the patients underwent neo-adjuvant, adjuvant, and palliative chemotherapy. ²Include the patients with anastomotic stenosis and fistula, except for the patients with anastomotic bleeding. ³The patients with all infection events except abdominal infection. GC: Gastric cancer; DT: Drainage tube; TG: Triglyceride.

Figure 2 Delayed drainage tube removal has an important influence on gastric cancer patients with postoperative chylous ascites. ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. A: The status of drainage tube (DT) after discharged in gastric cancer (GC) patients with postoperative chylous ascites (CA); B: Postoperative hospitalization have a significantly positive correlation with the time of removal DT in GC patients discharged without DT; C: Time of removal DT in GC patients with postoperative CA who discharged without DT; D: The definition of delayed DT removal in GC patients with postoperative CA; E: Delayed DT removal obviously increase medical resources consumption and economic burden in GC patients with postoperative CA. GC: Gastric cancer; CA: Chylous ascites; DT: Drainage tube; PHD: Postoperative hospitalization duration; THD: Total hospitalization duration; AU: time of antibiotic usage; HC: Hospitalization cost.

Figure 3 Overview of characteristic differences between the normal and delayed drainage tube removal groups in gastric cancer patients with postoperative chylous ascites. GC: Gastric cancer; DT: Drainage tube; LN: Lymph node; CA: Chylous ascites.

Figure 4 Exploration of multiple factors influence drainage tube removal in gastric cancer patients with postoperative chylous ascites. GC: Gastric cancer; DT: Drainage tube; LN: Lymph node; CA: Chylous ascites.

Figure 5 Drainage tube clamping is a favorable method for the gastric cancer patients with postoperative chylous ascites. A: Overview of overall treatment in the gastric cancer (GC) patients with postoperative chylous ascites; B: The drainage tube (DT) drainage variation of the GC patients underwent the treatment of DT clamping; C: The drainage of GC patients with postoperative chylous ascites in different groups before DT removal; D: Computed tomography scan indicate that the fluid in abdominal cavity was clearly reduced after the DT was clamped. THD: Total hospitalization duration; TPN: Total parenteral nutrition; CLD: Continuous low-pressure drainage; GC: Gastric cancer; DT: Drainage tube; CA: Chylous ascites; LN: Lymph node. ^aP < 0.05. ^cP < 0.001.

Figure 6 Novel conservative therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer patients with postoperative chylous ascites. TPN: Total parenteral nutrition; CLD: Continuous low-pressure drainage; GC: Gastric cancer; DT: Drainage tube; CA: Chylous ascites.