Ultrastructural changes in porcine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells of machine perfused liver donated after cardiac death

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the continuous machine perfusion preservation system.

Figure 2 The distribution and ultrastructural characteristics in porcine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells of the control liver. A: The representative image of the distribution of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) in the porcine liver indicated by the immunohistochemical staining with antibody to ERG. Bar = 10 μm; B: Typical LSEC were identified in the ultrathin sections (90 nm) of the Epon 812-embedded control liver tissue. Bars = 1 μm; C and D: LSEC was observed by scanning electron microscopy in osmium-macerated control porcine liver. s: sinusoid. h: Hepatocyte. The space of Disse was indicated by an asterisk. The partial area indicated in C was further observed in high magnification D. Bars = 1 μm. Mitochondria is represented in green and the nucleus is represented in blue. Arrows indicate the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). TEM: Transmission electron microscopy; SEM: Scanning electron microscopy.

Figure 3 Changes in the intracellular ultrastructure of the porcine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells after warm ischemia. A: The distribution of viable liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) indicated by ERG-positive cells in the porcine liver after warm ischemia for 60 min. Bar = 10 μm; B: Transmission electron microscopy image of the LSEC after warm ischemia. Bars = 1 μm; C and D: LSEC after warm ischemia was observed by SEM in the osmium-macerated porcine liver. s: sinusoid. h: Hepatocyte. The space of Disse was indicated by an asterisk. The partial area indicated in C was further observed in high magnification D. Bars = 1 μm. Mitochondria is represented in green and the nucleus is represented in blue. Arrows indicate the rER. The rER surround the mitochondria were indicated by arrowheads. TEM: Transmission electron microscopy; SEM: Scanning electron microscopy.

Figure 4 The ultrastructural alteration in porcine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells preserved by hypothermic machine perfusion. A: The distribution of viable liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) which is indicated with ERG-positive cells in the porcine liver preserved by hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) for 4 h after 60 min of warm ischemia. Bar = 10 μm; B: transmission electron microscopy image of the LSEC in porcine liver preserved by HMP for 4 h after 60 min of warm ischemia. Bars = 1 μm; C and D: LSEC was observed by scanning electron microscopy in osmium-macerated porcine liver preserved by HMP for 4 h after 60 min of warm ischemia. s: Sinusoid. h: Hepatocyte. The partial area indicated in C was further observed in high magnification D. Bars = 1 μm. Mitochondria are labeled in green and the nucleus is labeled in blue. Arrows indicate the rER. TEM: Transmission electron microscopy; SEM: Scanning electron microscopy.

Figure 5 The ultrastructural characteristics in porcine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells preserved by midthermic machine perfusion. A: The distribution of ERG-positive liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) in the porcine liver preserved by midthermic machine perfusion (MMP) for 4 h after 60 min of warm ischemia. Bar = 10 μm; B: Transmission electron microscopy image of the LSEC in porcine liver preserved by MMP for 4 hr after 60 min of warm ischemia. Bars = 1 μm; C and D: LSEC was observed by scanning electron microscopy in osmium-macerated porcine liver preserved by MMP for 4 hr after 60 min of warm ischemia. s: Sinusoid. h: Hepatocyte. The space of Disse was indicated by an asterisk. The partial area indicated in C was further observed in high magnification D. Bars = 1 μm. Arrows indicate the rER. Mitochondria are labeled in green; the nucleus is labeled in blue, expanded rER is labeled in red. TEM: Transmission electron microscopy; SEM: Scanning electron microscopy.