Usefulness of artificial intelligence in gastric neoplasms

Figure 1 Overview of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning. Artificial intelligence refers to machines that can do complex tasks like humans by imitating human intelligence. One of the most important ways to achieve artificial intelligence is machine learning. Machine can learn by itself from the data provided to make accurate decisions. Deep learning is an important technique among many methods of machine learning. It is a kind of artificial neural network and learns data through an information input/output layer similar to neurons in the brain.

Figure 2 Illustrative model of artificial neural network. Once endoscopic image is selected as input layer, hidden layers are connected to next layer. Through this network, the input image is classified into output layer.

Figure 3 Overview of convolutional neural network. It is composed of stacks of convolutional layers, pooling layers, and fully connected layers. Convolutional and pooling layer extract features of input images, while fully connected layers make output based on classification.