Recent advances in diagnostic upper endoscopy

Figure 1 PRISMA diagram of literature review.

Figure 2 White light endoscopy and narrow band imaging of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A: White light endoscopy of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; B: Narrow band imaging of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Figure 3 Magnifying endoscopy simple diagnostic algorithm for diagnosis of early gastric cancer. Adapted from Muto et al[59]’s magnifying endoscopy simple diagnostic algorithm of early gastric cancer. IMVP: Irregular microvascular pattern; IMSP: Irregular microsurface pattern.

Figure 4 Raman spectroscopy probe and different Raman spectrum according to normal tissue, intestinal metaplasia, high grade dysplasia and tumor tissue. A: Raman spectroscopy probe; B: Different Raman spectrum according to normal tissue, intestinal metaplasia, high grade dysplasia and tumor tissue.