Effectiveness and safety of a laparoscopic training system combined with modified reconstruction techniques for total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy

Figure 1 Four points of our training system. TLDG: Total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy.

Figure 2 The number of patients who underwent total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in our department each year. TLDG: Total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy.

Figure 3 Learning curve of trainees. A: Average operation time for total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy performed by the trainees was compared among cases and that of trainers. After starting total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy as an operator, the average operative time reached a plateau after 5 cases; B: Average blood loss for total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy performed by the trainees was compared among cases and that of trainers.