Mouse models of colorectal cancer: Past, present and future perspectives

Figure 1 Overview of the frequently altered pathways in colorectal cancer. The numbers in square brackets label the corresponding model descriptions as given in Table 1.

Figure 2 Establishment of PDX. After surgery, a small sample of the tumor, which is not needed for pathological diagnosis, is obtained and cut into pieces of 27 mm³. These can be either implanted immediately in recipient mice or vitally cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. The resulting patient-derived xenograft (b) closely reflects the histology of the donor tumor (a) (Previously published in[229]). Patient-derived xenograft can be further processed for subsequent implantation or cryopreservation.