Hemodynamic changes in hepatic sinusoids of hepatic steatosis mice

Figure 1 Change curves of mouse weights. The 2-wk group was treated with CCl₄ injection after the second week of injecting olive oil. The results show that the weights of the mice decreased after CCl₄ treatment.

Figure 2 Lipid deposition occurring in the liver after CCl₄ treatment. A: Hematoxylin and eosin staining of paraffin section of liver tissue. The scale bar refers to 100 μm. B: Oil red O staining of frozen section of liver tissue. There was no lipid deposition in the control group; while in the 2-wk and 4-wk groups, a large amount of lipid deposition occurred after CCl₄ injection. The scale bar refers to 100 μm.

Figure 3 Changes of hemorheological parameters after CCl₄ treatment. A: There was an upward trend in total blood viscosity, but there was no statistical difference. B: The hematocrit value decreased after CCl₄ treatment. C: The fibrinogen levels decreased after CCl₄ treatment. D: Erythrocyte deformation index decreased after CCl₄ treatment. E: Erythrocyte electrophoresis rate showed an upward trend after CCl₄ treatment. ^aP < 0.05 vs control.

Figure 4 Changes of blood flow in the sinusoid after CCl₄ treatment. A: After the injection of fluorescent dye, the mouse liver tissue structure was observed under a two-photon fluorescence microscope. The green luminescent area represents the liver sinusoid. Scale bar refers to 100 μm. B: On enlarging the image of the sinusoid, the darker dots appeared in the sinusoids, which represent red blood cells. Scale bar refers to 30 μm. C: The distance-time image was obtained by scanning with the two-photon laser scanning microscope, and the blood flow velocity of the liver was calculated based on the image. D-F: The blood flow velocity in the hepatic sinusoid, the internal sinusoidal diameter, and the velocity of blood flow in the superficial blood vessels of the liver were estimated in all three groups. After treatment with CCl₄, the blood flow velocity both in the sinusoid and superficial blood vessels decreased significantly. The internal sinusoidal diameter also decreased. G: In the control group, hepatic sinusoid morphology was uniform, while in the 2-wk and the 4-wk groups, the shapes of the sinusoids were significantly zigzag and the internal diameters were significantly less than the average diameter. Scale bar refers to 100 μm. H: The 3D image of the hepatic sinusoids. ^aP < 0.05 vs control, ^bP < 0.01 vs control.