Comparing outcomes for endoscopic submucosal dissection between Eastern and Western countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Figure 1 Flow diagram. The flow diagram shows the study selection process. ¹One study was divided into Western and Eastern parts for our quantitative analysis (thus counting as two studies). It was however only counted as a single study when assessed for eligibility; ²Missing/incomplete data regarding our primary outcome (curative, en bloc, R0 resection); ³Non-ESD study, hybrid ESD technique, ESD with snare; ⁴Submucosal lesions, pharyngeal lesions; ⁵Case-control, case report, questionnaire. ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Figure 2 Efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection. Forest plot for curative resection (A), en bloc resection (B) and R0 resection (C).

Figure 3 Complications of endoscopic submucosal dissection. Forest plot for bleeding (A), perforation (B) and perforation requiring surgery (C).

Figure 4 Forest plot for local recurrence.