Efficacy and safety of Xiangsha Liujunzi granules for functional dyspepsia: A multi-center randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study

Figure 1 Study design. There was a screening period of 2 wk before randomization. Blood draw, gastroscopy, and physical examination were performed and written informed consent were obtained from all patients in this period. Study visits were arranged at -2 wk, 0 wk, 2 wk, 4 wk and 8 wk. Some questionnaires were performed by phone during the treatment period, and this was followed by a 4-wk follow-up period.

Math 1 Math(A1).

Figure 2 Gastric ultrasonography.

Figure 3 Flow of participants in the study.

Figure 4 Postprandial discomfort severity scale. A: Postprandial fullness; B: Early satiety; C: Epigastric pain; D: Epigastric burning. ^aP < 0.05 vs placebo group. CHM: Chinese herbal medicine.

Figure 5 Clinical global impression scale. A: Very much worse since the initiation of treatment; B: Worse since the initiation of treatment; C: Slightly worse since the initiation of treatment; D: No change from baseline; E: Slightly improved since the initiation of treatment; F: Significantly improved since the initiation of treatment; G: Very much improved since the initiation of treatment. CHM: Chinese herbal medicine.

Figure 6 Traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs placebo group. TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine; CHM: Chinese herb medicine.

Figure 7 MOS 36-item short-form health survey. GH: General health; PF: Physical functioning; RP: Role physical; RE: Role emotional; SF: Social functioning; BP: bodily pain; VT: Vitality; MH: Mental health. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs placebo group. CHM: Chinese herb medicine.

Figure 8 Hospital anxiety and depression scale. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs placebo group. CHM: Chinese herb medicine; HADA: Hospital anxiety and depression scale-Anxiety; HADD: Hospital anxiety and depression scale-Depression.