Is there still a role for the hepatic locoregional treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors in the era of systemic targeted therapies?

Figure 1 Arteriography of voluminous liver metastases secondary to an ileal neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Figure 2 Computed tomography scan showing massive liver metastases in a patient with an ileal primary NET before (A) and after (B) transarterial chemoembolization procedure.

Figure 3 Treatment algorithm for advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. ¹Resection of primary, no (or limited) extrahepatic disease. SSA: Somatostatin analog; IFN: Interferon; PRRT: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy; TAE: Transarterial embolization; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; TARE: Transarterial radioembolization; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation.