Safety and efficacy of self-expandable metallic stents in malignant small bowel obstructions

Figure 1 Self-expandable metallic stent deployment using the standard through-the-scope technique under fluoroscopic guidance. A: The scope was advanced to the stricture, and a standard guidewire was passed through the stricture; B: The stent delivery system was advanced through the scope across the stricture; C: The stent can be seen successfully deployed across the stricture.

Figure 2 Self-expandable metallic stent deployment using the through-the-overtube technique under fluoroscopic guidance. A: The DBE was advanced to the stricture, and a standard guidewire passed through the stricture; B: The stent delivery system was advanced over the wire through the overtube; C: The stent deployed across the stricture; D: The overtube was withdrawn.

Figure 3 Self-expandable metallic stent deployment using the through-the-overtube technique via a trans-anal approach under fluoroscopic guidance. A: The DBE was advanced to the stricture, and a guidewire passed through the stricture; B: The guidewire and overtube were left in place and the endoscope was removed; C: The stent delivery system was advanced over the wire through the overtube, and the stent deployed across the stricture; D: The overtube was withdrawn.