Melatonin modulates adiponectin expression on murine colitis with sleep deprivation

Figure 1 Experimental procedure. Experimental colitis of mice was induced by feeding mice with 2% DSS in group II. Melatonin was administered to mice for 4 d with 2% DSS in group III. Sleep deprivation was induced partially with 2% DSS in group IV. 2% DSS with partial sleep deprivation and melatonin was administered to mice in group V. M: Melatonin; SD: Sleep deprivation.

Figure 2 Changes in body weight of each group. Group I: control, Group II: 2% DSS induced colitis, Group III: 2% DSS induced colitis with melatonin treatment, Group IV: 2% DSS induced colitis with sleep deprivation, Group V: 2% DSS induced colitis with sleep deprivation and melatonin treatment). Data were presented as mean ± SD. M: Melatonin; SD: Sleep deprivation.

Figure 3 Survival rate of each group. Group I: control, Group II: 2% DSS induced colitis, Group III: 2 % DSS induced colitis with melatonin treatment, Group IV: 2 % DSS induced colitis with sleep deprivation, Group V: 2% DSS induced colitis with sleep deprivation and melatonin treatment). M: Melatonin; SD: Sleep deprivation.

Figure 4 Immunohistochemical staining of adiponectin (A: × 100, B-E: × 200). A: control; B: DSS: 2% DSS induced colitis; C: DSS + M: 2% DSS induced colitis with melatonin treatment; D: DSS + SD: 2% DSS induced colitis with sleep deprivation; E: DSS + SD + M: 2% DSS induced colitis with sleep deprivation and melatonin treatment.

Figure 5 Adiponectin immunoreactivity based on immunohistochemical staining. Melatonin injection significantly recovered adiponectin expression, ^aP < 0.05 vs control. M: Melatonin; SD: Sleep deprivation.

Figure 6 Western blot analysis of adiponectin. The expression of adiponectin was reduced in DSS colitis and DSS colitis with sleep deprivation. Melatonin injection significantly recovered adiponectin expression, ^aP < 0.05 vs control. M: Melatonin; SD: Sleep deprivation.

Figure 7 Cytokine levels in serum of mice. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 (A), IL-17 (B), and TNFα (C) were reduced by melatonin injection; IL-10 (D) expression was not significantly changed. ^aP < 0.05 vs control. M: Melatonin; SD: Sleep deprivation.